In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to...

X-ray optics is the branch of optics that manipulates X-rays instead of visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams...

Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction...

physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation...

Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel...

Early X-ray microscopes by Paul Kirkpatrick and Albert Baez used grazing-incidence reflective X-ray optics to focus the X-rays, which grazed X-rays off parabolic...

accelerator, see electron optics. This technique, as described below, is derived using the paraxial approximation, which requires that all ray directions (directions...

equipment, such as synchrotron or microfocus X-ray sources, X-ray optics, and high resolution X-ray detectors. X-rays with high photon energies above 5–10 keV...

Lobster-eye optics are a biomimetic design, based on the structure of the eyes of a lobster with an ultra wide field of view, used in X-ray optics. This configuration...

detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. The basic elements of the telescope are the optics (focusing...

the trapping phenomenon can be explained using ray optics. As shown in the figure, individual rays of light emitted from the laser will be refracted...

optical waveguides can be described using the concepts of geometrical or ray optics, as illustrated in the diagram. Light passing into a medium with higher...

illustrations include holography, x-ray optics, spectrometers, Cerenkov radiation, microwave optics, nonlinear optics, scattering, camera design, extreme...

graph Ray (optics), an idealized narrow beam of light Ray (quantum theory), an equivalence class of state-vectors representing the same state The Rays, an...

be integrated into a ray tracer in a straightforward fashion: Dispersion leads to chromatic aberration Polarization Crystal optics Fresnel equations Laser...

trace elemental analysis. Two types of x-ray optics, polycapillary and doubly curved crystal focusing optics, are able to create small focal spots of...

The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface...

Some researchers[who?] say that schlieren imaging is equivalent to an X-ray radiograph of the acoustic field.[citation needed] The optical setup of a...

amplifier Ray (optics) Rayleigh criterion Rayleigh scattering Ray tracing Ray transfer matrix analysis Reflecting telescope Reflection (optics) Refracting...

This concept is similar to geometrical optics, or ray optics, that studies light propagation in terms of optical rays. Geometrical acoustics is an approximate...

important contributions to the early development of X-ray microscopes, X-ray optics, and later X-ray telescopes. Albert Báez was born in Puebla, Mexico,...

In optics, vergence is the angle formed by rays of light that are not perfectly parallel to one another. Rays that move closer to the optical axis as they...

shearing interferometer. In X-ray optics, gamma ray optics, and neutron optics, a collimator is a device that filters a stream of rays so that only those traveling...

diameter of the focused spot due to spherical aberration are based on ray optics. Ray optics, however, does not consider that light is an electromagnetic wave...

space. X-rays are much harder to collect and focus than electromagnetic radiation of longer wavelengths. X-ray telescopes can use X-ray optics, such as...

In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system...

of least time, is the link between ray optics and wave optics. Fermat's principle states that the path taken by a ray between two given points is the path...

reflectivity, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), automation, cryogenics and X-ray optics. Rigaku is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with additional production,...

Nonimaging optics (also called anidolic optics) is a branch of optics that is concerned with the optimal transfer of light radiation between a source and...

In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system...