In phonetics, advanced tongue root (ATR or +ATR), or expanded pharynx, and retracted tongue root (RTR or −ATR) are contrasting states of the pharynx during...

vowel backness, vowel height, nasalization, roundedness, and advanced and retracted tongue root. Vowel harmony is found in many agglutinative languages...

advancement of the root of the tongue are [i], [e], [o], [ɔ], [a] and their corresponding long variants. The vowels with retraction of the root of the language...

languages such as Modern Mongolian. The contrast between advanced and retracted tongue root resembles the tense-lax contrast acoustically, but they are...

not part of ASCII, but are nonetheless proposed as encoding advanced and retracted tongue root, respectively, in Worldbet. . represents either raised or...

accent over a vowel <á é í ó ú> indicates that the advanced and retracted tongue root for that vowel and the other vowels of the words by vowel harmony....

(Ekisanza). Konzo is characterized by distinguishing advanced and retracted tongue root. List of basic phrases and words. Good morning – wabukire Good afternoon...

system based on advanced and retracted tongue root, wherein the presence of advanced tongue root vowels [+ATR] may change retracted tongue root vowels [-ATR]...

precise phonetic and phonological difference between the advanced and retracted tongue root vowels are unclear.: 61  Somali has 22 consonant phonemes...

precise phonetic and phonological difference between the advanced and retracted tongue root vowels are unclear.: 61  Lexical prominence in Somali can...

based on vowel height. Some recent authors attribute it to advanced and retracted tongue root states. Loans from Middle Mongolian in the 13th century show...

consonants normally involve a neutral or a retracted tongue root, whereas voiced stops often involve an advanced tongue root: two articulations that cannot physically...

form two vowel harmony sets, based on advanced and retracted tongue root. The [-ATR] group is /ɪ, ɛ, ɔ, ʊ/, and the [+ATR] group is /i, e, o, u/. /a/...

root of the tongue. These include epiglottal consonants. [+/− advanced tongue root]: [+ATR] segments advance the root of the tongue. [+/− retracted tongue...

and laminal ⟨◌̹, ◌̜⟩ for more and less rounded, now placed under the letter ⟨◌̽⟩ for mid-centralized ⟨◌̘, ◌̙⟩ for advanced and retracted tongue root ⟨◌ ˞⟩...

Georgian.) Uvular consonants are typically incompatible with advanced tongue root, and they often cause retraction of neighboring vowels. The uvular...

rare and are not found in the middle syllable of a word. Chakali contrasts long and short vowels, as well as advanced and retracted tongue root vowels...

headland'. Vowels /ɛ/, /ɔ/, /ɪ/ and /a/ (but not /ʌ/) are pronounced with retracted tongue root while others with advanced tongue root. Jurgec proposes the existence...

not clear if the difference between /i e o u/ and /ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ/ is one of advanced and retracted tongue root (laryngeal contraction), as in so many languages...

productions in the area. This language group has both advanced tongue root [+ATR] and retracted tongue root [-ATR] vowels. The most common number of phonemic...

root, while /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/ and their voiceless counterparts are produced with a retracted tongue root. The advanced tongue root vowels are usually somewhat...

Maasai A feature that Maasai shares with the other Maa languages is advanced tongue root vowel harmony. In Maasai words, only certain combinations of vowels...

or consonant. This is a type of Retracted Tongue Root harmony (also called pharyngeal harmony) involving both vowels and consonants that is an areal feature...

Guere makes use of a contrast between vowels with advanced tongue root and those with retracted tongue root. In addition, nasal vowels contrast phonemically...

language also has vowel harmony based on advanced and retracted tongue root. The [-ATR] set is /ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ɑ/, and the [+ATR] set is /i u e o ɑ̟/. [ɑ] was...

vowels: four to five "tense" vowels (advanced tongue root; +ATR or -RTR), five "lax" vowels (retracted tongue root, +RTR or -ATR), which are not entirely...

retracted [r̠], just as non-subapical retroflex fricatives sometimes are. The remaining pulmonic consonants – the uvular laterals ([ʟ̠ 𝼄̠ ʟ̠˔]) and the...

either use the root of the tongue or the epiglottis during production. Pharyngeal consonants are made by retracting the root of the tongue far enough to...

sonorants have an advanced tongue root (that is, the bottom of the tongue is pushed upward during articulation of the consonant) and that diphthongization...

one of neutral versus retracted tongue root. Phonetic values are paired with the corresponding character in Kazakh's Cyrillic and current Latin alphabets...