unobserved or at least less strictly observed. Even Al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932 CE), who held a similar stance as al-Mutawakkil on barring non-Muslims from public...

918 on account of some Arabic verses with which he greeted the caliph al-Muqtadir. He was deposed again soon afterwards, and fled to Kairwan, where he...

Caliph at the time Al-Muqtadir wished to discredit "certain figures who had associated themselves" with al-Hallaj. (Previously al-Hallaj had been punished...

A Checklist of Islamic Coins, Second Edition, January 1998, Santa Rosa, Calif. Bacharach, Jere L. (1993). "Muḥammad b. Ṭug̲h̲d̲j". In Bosworth, C. E.;...