• Thumbnail for Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
    cognate tRNAs to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. In humans, the 20 different types of aa-tRNA are made by the 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, one for...
    31 KB (3,633 words) - 22:47, 23 May 2025
  • The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyse the attachment of an amino acid to its cognate transfer RNA molecule in a highly specific two-step reaction. These...
    5 KB (585 words) - 15:20, 1 October 2024
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, class II is a family of proteins. These proteins catalyse the attachment of an amino acid to its cognate transfer RNA molecule...
    4 KB (472 words) - 15:19, 1 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Transfer RNA
    covalent attachment to the tRNA 3' end is catalysed by enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. During protein synthesis, tRNAs with attached amino acids...
    69 KB (8,266 words) - 12:23, 22 June 2025
  • aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can distinguish between different tRNAs and this recognition doesn't follow the same pattern. An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase...
    12 KB (1,610 words) - 14:15, 17 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Glycine—tRNA ligase
    the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded enzyme is an (alpha)2 dimer which belongs to the class II...
    16 KB (1,940 words) - 05:29, 2 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for RARS (gene)
    tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I...
    9 KB (1,090 words) - 05:04, 13 August 2023
  • Thumbnail for WARS (gene)
    Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme that attaches the amino acid tryptophan to its cognate tRNA. In humans...
    9 KB (1,042 words) - 12:13, 30 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Phenylalanine—tRNA ligase
    and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is known to be among the most complex enzymes of the aaRS (Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)...
    5 KB (503 words) - 14:26, 22 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for MARS (gene)
    Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARS gene. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs...
    6 KB (731 words) - 04:11, 14 October 2022
  • Thumbnail for IARS
    Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IARS1 gene. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA...
    6 KB (757 words) - 16:04, 30 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Translation (biology)
    where mRNA codons are matched through complementary base pairing to specific tRNA anticodons. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that mispair tRNAs with the...
    36 KB (4,225 words) - 02:57, 1 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Glutamine—tRNA ligase
    cognate tRNA. This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis. The human gene for glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is QARS...
    8 KB (775 words) - 23:24, 27 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for EPRS
    of the variant have not been determined. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein...
    10 KB (1,158 words) - 17:10, 27 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for Expanded genetic code
    each amino acid (20 or more synthetases). On the other hand, some bacteria have fewer than 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, and introduce the "missing"...
    79 KB (9,144 words) - 21:39, 22 May 2025
  • carbon-oxygen bonds in tRNA and related compounds. More specifically, it belongs to the family of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These latter enzymes...
    29 KB (3,787 words) - 23:22, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for FARS2
    constitute a class of PheRS distinct from the enzymes found in prokaryotes and in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes...
    11 KB (1,264 words) - 22:51, 3 March 2023
  • isoleucine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis. As of late 2007, 10 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession...
    3 KB (304 words) - 17:40, 28 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for HUP domain
    mechanisms: Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AATRSs): These enzymes are responsible for attaching amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs Nucleotide...
    6 KB (668 words) - 17:42, 9 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Alan Fersht
    of selection of amino acids during protein biosynthesis by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, where he formulated the double-sieve editing mechanism. Fersht...
    25 KB (2,314 words) - 21:42, 4 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for VARS
    Valyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the VARS gene. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their...
    7 KB (897 words) - 17:07, 12 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
    gene encodes the enzyme glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS), which belongs to the class II group of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This enzyme is essential in the...
    41 KB (4,293 words) - 11:47, 7 June 2025
  • ribonucleic acid synthetase, and aspartyl ribonucleate synthetase. This enzyme participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis...
    3 KB (241 words) - 14:50, 22 September 2024
  • and isoleucine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis. As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession...
    3 KB (254 words) - 15:28, 22 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for LARS2
    mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Each of the twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyzes the aminoacylation of a specific tRNA or tRNA isoaccepting family...
    5 KB (673 words) - 17:40, 3 April 2024
  • forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-lysine:tRNALys ligase (AMP-forming). Other...
    3 KB (284 words) - 14:40, 22 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase
    one carbon pool by folate, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession...
    2 KB (147 words) - 14:22, 22 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Pyrrolysine
    transfer RNA (tRNA) with a CUA anticodon, and the pylS gene, which encodes a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that charges the pylT-derived tRNA with pyrrolysine...
    28 KB (3,183 words) - 20:49, 3 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for KARS (gene)
    Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KARS gene. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with...
    11 KB (1,417 words) - 03:05, 8 April 2024
  • leucine-tRNA synthetase, and leucine translase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis...
    3 KB (292 words) - 15:49, 22 September 2024