measure theory, an atom is a measurable set that has positive measure and contains no set of smaller positive measures. A measure that has no atoms is...

Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years...

Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically...

u<X(\omega )\leq v.} Atom (measure theory) – A measurable set with positive measure that contains no subset of smaller positive measure Complementary event –...

century) and others, developed distinctive theories of atomism, for example, involving momentary (instantaneous) atoms (kalapas) that flash in and out of existence...

electrons. Atom(s) may also refer to: Atom (time), a medieval unit of time Atom (measure theory), a minimal measurable set Atom (order theory) Atomic formula...

the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader...

beam equation again results in piecewise polynomial deflection. Atom (measure theory) Degenerate distribution Laplacian of the indicator Uncertainty principle...

the full power set. Atom (measure theory) – A measurable set with positive measure that contains no subset of smaller positive measure Pairwise independent...

In probability theory, a random measure is a measure-valued random element. Random measures are for example used in the theory of random processes, where...

valence bond theory cannot explain. In molecular orbital theory, electrons in a molecule are not assigned to individual chemical bonds between atoms, but are...

measure-preserving dynamical system is an object of study in the abstract formulation of dynamical systems, and ergodic theory in particular. Measure-preserving...

spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules...

A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the...

lattice is regular. Ri is the position coordinate of the ith atom, which we now measure from its equilibrium position. The sum over nearest neighbors...

it. The discovery of this pattern led Dalton to develop the modern theory of atoms, as it suggested that the elements combine with each other in multiples...

of dark energy, called phantom energy theories, suggest that ultimately galaxy clusters, stars, planets, atoms, nuclei, and matter itself will be torn...

A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number, n. The higher the value of n, the farther...

lasers while the source emits matter waves (the atoms) rather than light. Atom interferometers measure the difference in phase between atomic matter waves...

gases. The successes of kinetic theory gave further credence to the idea that matter is composed of atoms, yet the theory also had shortcomings that would...

showed that this apparatus could be used to measure nuclear spin whenever the electronic configuration of the atom was known. The concept was applied by Rabi...

In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than...

atom induce a corresponding redistribution of electrons in other atoms, such that the electron motions become correlated. While the detailed theory requires...

physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; its unusual characteristics typically occur at and below the scale of atoms.: 1.1  It...

In chemistry, bond order is a formal measure of the multiplicity of a covalent bond between two atoms. As introduced by Gerhard Herzberg, building off...

learned that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated. They deduced this after measuring how an alpha...

space X. We can also say that the measure is a single atom at x; however, treating the Dirac measure as an atomic measure is not correct when we consider...

theory — Measure theory — Model theory — Module theory — Morse theory — Nevanlinna theory — Number theory — Obstruction theory — Operator theory — Order...

N/NA is a measure of the amount of substance (with the unit mole). Depending on the nature of the substance, an elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule...

founded on the formal definitions of measure theory and dynamical systems, and rather specifically on the notion of a measure-preserving dynamical system. The...