bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of −⁠1/3⁠ e. All quarks are...

either a bottom quark (most frequently), a strange quark, or, on the rarest of occasions, a down quark. The Standard Model determines the top quark's mean...

flavors, of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change...

The bottom eta meson (η b) or eta-b meson is a flavourless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was first observed by the BaBar experiment...

quarks are called omega baryons. By default, the quarks are strange quarks, but those with one or more the strange quarks replaced by charm or bottom...

The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and...

a bottom antiquark and either an up (B+ ), down (B0 ), strange (B0 s) or charm quark (B+ c). The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is...

Current quarks (also called naked quarks or bare quarks) are a description of valence quarks as the cores of the quark particles that are the invariable...

mixtures of the light quark states. The much larger mass differences between the charm and bottom quarks and the lighter quarks results in states that...

made of a mixture of up, down and strange quarks and their antiquarks. The charmed eta meson (η c) and bottom eta meson (η b) are similar forms of quarkonium;...

quarks (up, charm, and top quarks) are called up-type quarks and have T3 = ⁠++1/2⁠ ; the negatively charged quarks (down, strange, and bottom quarks)...

In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to...

are added for each even heavier charm or bottom quark that replaces one of the two presumed strange quarks. They are historically called the cascade...

interact with baryonic matter. There are six quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks carry color charge, and hence interact via the...

accurately known quark mass is of the top quark (t) at 172.7 GeV/c2, estimated using the on-shell scheme. Estimates of the values of quark masses depend...

containing the charm quark, first seen 1974, is about three times as massive as a proton, and the upsilon meson (ϒ) containing the bottom quark, first seen in...

is enough to consider the contributions of virtual top and bottom quarks (the heaviest quarks). This process is the dominant contribution at the LHC and...

A constituent quark is a current quark with a notional "covering" induced by the renormalization group. In the low-energy limit of QCD, a description by...

The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic...

The quark contents of these states are almost all qqQQ, where q represents a light (up, down or strange) quark, Q represents a heavy (charm or bottom) quark...

It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is...

For instance, the electron's superpartner is the selectron and the top quark's superpartner is the stop squark. One corollary from supersymmetry is that...

includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation consists of the top and bottom quarks and the tau and tau neutrino...

bottom antiquark (T+ b). Because of the top quark's short lifetime, T mesons are not expected to be found in nature. The combination of a top quark and...

meson (ϒ) is a quarkonium state (i.e. flavourless meson) formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was discovered by the E288 experiment team,...

vacuum to travel approximately 0.30 mm 1 picosecond – half-life of a bottom quark ~1 picosecond – lifetime of a single H 3O+ (hydronium) ion in water at...

Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance)...

down quark (symbol: d) is a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter. The down quark is the second-lightest of all quarks, and combines...

reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (nb) and the number of bottom quarks (nb) that are present in a particle: B ′ = − ( n...

(charmness), B′ (bottomness), T (topness), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), t (top quark), as well as other...