• Thumbnail for Brewster's angle
    Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted...
    15 KB (2,082 words) - 11:23, 24 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Brewster angle microscope
    A Brewster angle microscope (BAM) is a microscope for studying thin films on liquid surfaces, most typically Langmuir films. In a Brewster angle microscope...
    5 KB (497 words) - 11:22, 9 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Langmuir–Blodgett film
    emerging two-dimensional layered materials on a large scale. Brewster angle microscope – microscope for studying thin films on liquid surfacesPages displaying...
    19 KB (2,614 words) - 17:39, 12 August 2024
  • genome sequencing (includes BAM files and the BAM file format) Brewster angle microscope, for studying thin films on liquid surfaces. BAM, station code...
    5 KB (730 words) - 15:48, 15 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for David Brewster
    study of the polarization of light and including the discovery of Brewster's angle. He studied the birefringence of crystals under compression and discovered...
    38 KB (4,187 words) - 09:08, 10 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kaleidoscope
    kaleidoscope by means of the solar microscope (a type of camera obscura device), magic lantern or camera lucida. Brewster believed it would at the same time...
    23 KB (2,535 words) - 11:35, 11 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Nanoparticle deposition
    characterize the particle layer during deposition for example a Brewster Angle Microscope. As a disadvantage, a successful Langmuir-Blodgett deposition...
    9 KB (1,023 words) - 16:08, 28 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Stereoscope
    assertion, David Brewster did not invent the stereoscope, as he himself was often at pains to make clear. A rival of Wheatstone, Brewster credited the invention...
    17 KB (1,985 words) - 20:55, 17 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Total internal reflection
    but switches to 0° at Brewster's angle. Combining the complementarity with Snell's law yields θi = arctan (1/n) as Brewster's angle for dense-to-rare incidence...
    107 KB (13,479 words) - 08:56, 23 May 2025
  • Beer–Lambert law Binoculars Birefringence Black-body radiation Brewster's angle Brewster window Brightness temperature Brillouin scattering Camera Camera...
    11 KB (898 words) - 23:45, 21 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for History of optics
    after seeing a compound microscope built by Drebbel exhibited in Rome in 1624, built his own improved version. The name microscope was coined by Giovanni...
    45 KB (5,748 words) - 22:53, 12 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Radial polarization
    collimated light source, in which the Brewster window is replaced by a cone at Brewster's angle. Called a "Rotated Brewster Angle Polarizer," the latter was first...
    9 KB (1,017 words) - 16:20, 15 December 2024
  • equation Bremermann's limit Bremsstrahlung Brendan Scaife Brewster's angle Brewster angle microscope Brian Cox (physicist) Brian David Josephson Brian Greene...
    14 KB (1,469 words) - 18:31, 5 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Refractive index
    interface, as well as the critical angle for total internal reflection, their intensity (Fresnel equations) and Brewster's angle. The refractive index, n {\displaystyle...
    82 KB (9,202 words) - 00:26, 16 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Optics
    ratio depending on the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. In this way, physical optics recovers Brewster's angle. When light reflects from...
    107 KB (12,886 words) - 21:46, 13 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Optical mineralogy
    sections or grain mounts for study in the laboratory with a petrographic microscope. Optical mineralogy is used to identify the mineralogical composition...
    17 KB (2,522 words) - 02:00, 7 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Polarizer
    pile of plates at a steeper angle to the incident beam. Counterintuitively, using incident angles greater than Brewster's angle yields a higher degree of...
    38 KB (4,879 words) - 14:22, 2 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Titanite
    strong birefringence of 0.105 to 0.135 (biaxial positive); under the microscope this leads to a distinctive high relief which combined with the common...
    12 KB (1,013 words) - 13:46, 10 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Diffraction
    sets a fundamental limit to the resolution of a camera, telescope, or microscope. Other examples of diffraction are considered below. A long slit of infinitesimal...
    52 KB (6,613 words) - 03:14, 30 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Polarization (waves)
    generally changed. Any light striking a surface at a special angle of incidence known as Brewster's angle, where the reflection coefficient for p-polarization...
    74 KB (9,420 words) - 02:38, 11 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ellipsometry
    and r p {\displaystyle r_{p}} respectively. The angle of incidence is chosen close to the Brewster angle of the sample to ensure a maximal difference in...
    24 KB (3,310 words) - 04:34, 6 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for History of photography
    fibres of leaves and the wings of insects". He also found that solar microscope images of small objects were easily captured on prepared paper. Davy,...
    67 KB (7,625 words) - 03:28, 22 May 2025
  • binoculars. W. Wray founded his optical company in 1850 initially making microscope lenses. By at least the 1880s it was making lenses for cameras. The company...
    3 KB (417 words) - 01:17, 20 April 2022
  • Thumbnail for Lens
    experimentation with lenses led to the invention of the compound optical microscope around 1595, and the refracting telescope in 1608, both of which appeared...
    70 KB (8,337 words) - 19:16, 13 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews
    bespoke low temperature scanning tunneling microscopes. John F Allen Sir Michael Berry Sir David Brewster Robert Balson Dingle Andrew Collier Cameron...
    12 KB (1,146 words) - 21:46, 18 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Autostereogram
    flat images, people experienced the illusion of depth. In 1844, David Brewster discovered the "wallpaper effect". He noticed that when he stared at repeated...
    49 KB (6,107 words) - 05:12, 29 May 2025
  • the left eye. In the figure Angle αXY. Direction βXY is the direction of X relative to Y in the right eye. In the figure Angle βXY. The binocular disparity...
    72 KB (9,129 words) - 19:15, 8 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Orders of magnitude (length)
    atom ~50 pm – best resolution of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope 60 pm – radius of a carbon atom 93 pm – length of a diatomic carbon molecule...
    186 KB (17,578 words) - 04:46, 16 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kamacite
    a tetragonal phase, observed in X-ray powder tests and later under a microscope. When tested two meteorites gave d-values that could "be indexed on the...
    26 KB (3,207 words) - 15:02, 28 April 2025
  • ice climbing anchor Ernst Karl Abbe (1840–1905), Germany – Condenser (microscope), apochromatic lens, refractometer Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932), USSR/Russia/Armenia...
    107 KB (12,074 words) - 14:08, 14 June 2025