a ciphertext-only attack (COA) or known ciphertext attack is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker is assumed to have access only to a...

chosen-ciphertext attack (abbreviated as CCA2) is an interactive form of chosen-ciphertext attack in which an attacker first sends a number of ciphertexts to...

A chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst can gather information by obtaining the decryptions of chosen...

A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts...

cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known...

common attack models are: Ciphertext-only attack (COA) - in this type of attack it is assumed that the cryptanalyst has access only to the ciphertext, and...

plaintext are preserved in the ciphertext, and these patterns have the potential to be exploited in a ciphertext-only attack. In a simple substitution cipher...

distinguish pairs of ciphertexts based on the message they encrypt. The property of indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack is considered a basic...

of IDEA with ideas from RC5. It was shown to be susceptible to a ciphertext-only attack in 1997. Akelarre is a 128-bit block cipher with a variable key-length...

attack requiring only 16 chosen-plaintext pairs, and then demonstrated that it could be converted to a ciphertext-only attack using 212 ciphertexts,...

In 2003, Elad Barkan, Eli Biham and Nathan Keller presented a ciphertext-only attack based on the error correcting codes used in GSM communication. They...

plaintexts and 287.5 time of analysis. Moreover the attack is easily converted into a ciphertext-only attack with the same data complexity and 295 offline time...

passive attacks using the known plaintext assumption. In 2003, more serious weaknesses were identified which can be exploited in the ciphertext-only scenario...

Ciphertext-only: the cryptanalyst has access only to a collection of ciphertexts or codetexts. Known-plaintext: the attacker has a set of ciphertexts...

however, extensions that would allow a known plaintext or even a ciphertext-only attack. The basic method uses pairs of plaintexts related by a constant...

aid cryptanalysis: for example, William F. Friedman suggested a ciphertext-only attack during WWI against most frequent letters encoded by other most frequent...

a ciphertext-only attack, Eve has access only to the ciphertext (good modern cryptosystems are usually effectively immune to ciphertext-only attacks)....

cryptography, a padding oracle attack is an attack which uses the padding validation of a cryptographic message to decrypt the ciphertext. In cryptography, variable-length...

They affect only the specific bit intended. Specific bit errors in more complex modes such (e.g. CBC): adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack may intelligently...

1970s, Ritchie collaborated with James Reeds and Robert Morris on a ciphertext-only attack on the M-209 US cipher machine that could solve messages of at least...

can be broken even if the attacker only knows sufficient ciphertext and hence they are susceptible to a ciphertext-only attack. Some classical ciphers (e...

both algorithms: it is possible to break A5/2 in real-time with a ciphertext-only attack, and in January 2007, The Hacker's Choice started the A5/1 cracking...

RADIUS codes Children of Alcoholics/Children of Addicts Ciphertext-only attack, where an attacker only has encrypted data to use in deciphering text Collaboration-oriented...

described a 1970s collaboration with James Reeds and Robert Morris on a ciphertext-only attack on the M-209 that could solve messages of at least 2,000–2,500 letters...

multiplicative property, a chosen-ciphertext attack is possible. E.g., an attacker who wants to know the decryption of a ciphertext c ≡ me (mod n) may ask the...

in a ciphertext-only scenario. Since there are only a limited number of possible shifts (25 in English), an attacker can mount a brute force attack by deciphering...

C(K) xor "$9500.00", is what our ciphertext would have been if $9500 were the correct amount. Bit-flipping attacks can be prevented by including message...

the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as ciphertext. Despite its goal, encryption does not itself prevent interference but...

secure cryptosystem is one where only negligible information about the plaintext can be feasibly extracted from the ciphertext. Specifically, any probabilistic...

first efficient scheme proven to be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using standard cryptographic assumptions. Its security is based on...