term ciphertext expansion refers to the length increase of a message when it is encrypted. Many modern cryptosystems cause some degree of expansion during...

blocks without resulting in any expansion of the ciphertext, at the cost of slightly increased complexity. Ciphertext stealing is a technique for encrypting...

probabilistic, semantically secure cryptosystem with a constant-size ciphertext expansion. The encryption algorithm implements an XOR-based stream cipher using...

a 256-bit key and a 96-bit nonce to encrypt a plaintext, with a ciphertext expansion of 128-bit (the tag size). In the ChaCha20-Poly1305 construction...

scheme is not widely used in practice due to its high degree of ciphertext expansion. However, it is currently one of the few IBE schemes which do not...

assumption) but encrypts messages one bit at a time with a high degree of ciphertext expansion. Thus it is highly inefficient and impractical for sending all but...

cryptographic assumptions. However, it is not an efficient cryptosystem, as ciphertexts may be several hundred times larger than the initial plaintext. To prove...

first converting it into an unreadable form ("ciphertext") using an encryption algorithm. The ciphertext is sent through an insecure channel to the recipient...

Acoustic cryptanalysis • Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack • Adaptive chosen plaintext and chosen ciphertext attack • Advantage (cryptography) • ADFGVX...

corresponding bit or character from the pad using modular addition. The resulting ciphertext is impossible to decrypt or break if the following four conditions are...

possible ciphertexts, with the consequence that a general ElGamal encryption produces a 1:2 expansion in size from plaintext to ciphertext. Encryption...

a string C of n bits. P is called the plaintext, and C is termed the ciphertext. For each K, the function EK(P) is required to be an invertible mapping...

with the corresponding digit of the keystream, to give a digit of the ciphertext stream. Since encryption of each digit is dependent on the current state...

the same message several times it will, in general, yield different ciphertexts. The term "probabilistic encryption" is typically used in reference to...

The resultant ciphertext replaces P1 and P2. The same ciphertext is then encrypted again with the new subkeys, and the new ciphertext replaces P3 and...

and the ciphertext difficult to understand (see Shannon's Confusion and diffusion). P-boxes are typically classified as compression, expansion, and straight...

converting readable information (plaintext) to unintelligible nonsense text (ciphertext), which can only be read by reversing the process (decryption). The sender...

another row as the ciphertext. To decrypt the message, the decrypter rotates the disks on his cylinder to produce the ciphertext along a row. Decryption...

stream of key characters using the XOR Boolean function to produce the ciphertext.[citation needed] In August 1941, a blunder by German operators led to...

84EDA2 hex Algorithm expansion key: 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 hex for all rounds Plaintext: 0000 0000 0000 0001 hex Ciphertext after 7 rounds: C5D6...

the ciphertext, and combining the same key with the ciphertext regenerates the plaintext. Symbolically: Plaintext ⊕ Key = Ciphertext and Ciphertext ⊕ Key...

now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security Plaintext Codetext Ciphertext Shared secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing...

rounds are applied to transform ciphertext back into the original plaintext using the same encryption key. KeyExpansion – round keys are derived from the...

= ((A ^ B) <<< B) + S[2 * i] B = ((B ^ A) <<< A) + S[2 * i + 1] # The ciphertext block consists of the two-word wide block composed of A and B, in that...

of the Counter Barkan, Elad; Eli Biham; Nathan Keller (2003). "Instant Ciphertext-Only Cryptanalysis of GSM Encrypted Communication": 600–16. Archived from...

channel is not fully loaded, there is a good likelihood that one of the ciphertext streams will be just nulls. The NSA goes to great lengths to prevent keys...

attack, however, requires both chosen plaintexts and adaptive chosen ciphertexts, so is largely theoretical. Then in 2002, Biham, et al. applied differential-linear...

XTS-Advanced Encryption Standard (XEX-based Tweaked CodeBook mode (TCB) with ciphertext stealing (CTS); the proper name should be XTC (XEX TCB CTS), but that...

in the United States Encryption – Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext Express mail – Accelerated mail delivery service Flag semaphore – System...

number of rounds // w-bit round keys S[0, ... , 2r + 3] // // Output: Ciphertext stored in A, B, C, D // // '''Encryption Procedure:''' B = B + S[0] D...