In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences...

Convective flow may be transient (such as when a multiphase mixture of oil and water separates) or steady state (see convection cell). The convection...

below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells. Such systems were first investigated by Joseph Valentin...

smaller-scale weather systems – mid-latitude depressions, or tropical convective cells – occur chaotically, and long-range weather predictions of those cannot...

surface of irregular polygons separated by troughs, interpreted as convection cells in the relatively soft nitrogen ice. The polygons average about 33 km...

magnetic activity. This inhomogeneity may be caused by a large scale convection cell or result from global pulsations and shock structures that heat the...

observation, granules are convection cells in the Sun's photosphere. They are caused by currents of plasma in the Sun's convective zone, directly below the...

nitrogen and carbon monoxide ices, divided into polygonal cells, which are interpreted as convection cells that carry floating blocks of water ice crust and sublimation...

depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. Convection cells are the result of heat generated by the radioactive...

Worse, the most viable forms of the theory predicted the existence of convection cell boundaries reaching deep into the Earth, that had yet to be observed...

experimental conditions, granular convection of variously sized particles has been observed forming convection cells similar to fluid motion. It may be...

not limited to ocean ridge environments. Hydrothermal circulating convection cells can exist in any place an anomalous source of heat, such as an intruding...

dependence, this phenomenon may be called thermo-capillary convection or Bénard–Marangoni convection. This phenomenon was first identified in the so-called...

While each cell of the cluster may only last 20 minutes, the cluster itself may persist for hours at a time. They often arise from convective updrafts in...

multiple convective cells, each being at a different stage in the life cycle of a thunderstorm. It appears as several anvils clustered together. A cell is an...

broad structure and mechanism of the Hadley circulation—comprising convective cells moving air due to temperature differences in a manner influenced by...

decompression melting of mantle rock that rises on an upwelling portion of a convection cell to the crustal surface. Eruptions associated with subducting zones...

Qax (beings whose biology is based on the complex interactions of convection cells), and the Silver Ghosts (colonies of symbiotic organisms encased in...

have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising...

accumulation of heat underneath the crust due to the rising of very large convection cells or plumes, and a massive heat release resulted in the final break-up...

number of small convection cells (solar granules), red-giant photospheres, as well as those of red supergiants, have just a few large cells, the features...

observation, supergranulation is a pattern of convection cells in the Sun's photosphere. The individual convection cells are typically referred to as supergranules...

Atmospheric convection is the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere. It occurs when warmer, less dense air rises, while cooler, denser...

this is a convection cell is formed. The rising magma and heat along with the outwards tension in the crust in contact with the convection cell cause a...

reconciliation of these observations is the presence in the Earth's mantle of a convection cell which enters one part of the magma more towards the east, thus activating...

mantle cell, which is the strongest driver of plate motion. The relative importance and interaction of other proposed factors such as active convection, upwelling...

surface from solar radiation, and are an example of convection, specifically atmospheric convection. The Sun warms the ground, which in turn warms the...

flight. Most aircraft flying these routes are able to avoid the larger convective cells without incident. Based on paleoclimate proxies, the position and intensity...

Bénard cells and take the shape of roughly hexagonal prisms. The solar atmosphere is the region of the Sun that extends from the top of the convection zone...

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for...