The electron-cloud effect is a phenomenon that occurs in particle accelerators and reduces the quality of the particle beam. Electron clouds are created...

with more than one electron. The shielding effect can be defined as a reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference...

The Auger effect (/oʊˈʒeɪ/; French pronunciation: [ˈ/o.ʒe/]) or Meitner-Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs...

mesomeric effect. Covalent bonds can be polarized depending on the relative electronegativity of the two atoms forming the bond. The electron cloud in a σ-bond...

his work on the cloud chamber (the same year as Arthur Compton received half the prize for the Compton Effect). The diffusion cloud chamber was developed...

Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics) Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps) Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics) Electroviscous...

photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted in this...

Electron–positron annihilation occurs when an electron (e− ) and a positron (e+ , the electron's antiparticle) collide. At low energies, the result of...

the electrons back toward the plate. This tube was called the pentode. Electron-cloud effect Malter effect Sputtering R. Kollath, Secondary electron emission...

in matter. In this model, the electron cloud of an atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product...

while using a Wilson cloud chamber in order to study the Compton effect, Skobeltsyn detected particles that acted like electrons but curved in the opposite...

avalanche effect was discovered by John Sealy Townsend in his work between 1897 and 1901, and is also known as the Townsend discharge. Electron avalanches...

screening effect of the inner shells The extent to which the outermost electron penetrates into the charge cloud set up by the inner lying electron In the...

The electron (e− , or β− in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. It is a fundamental particle that...

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net...

that the size of the orbital is larger in the complex. This electron cloud expansion effect may occur for one (or both) of two reasons. One is that the...

and its antiparticle from a neutral boson. Examples include creating an electron and a positron, a muon and an antimuon, or a proton and an antiproton....

determined by its electron cloud. Cations are smaller than the corresponding parent atom or molecule due to the smaller size of the electron cloud. One particular...

the same applies to all neutrons of the nucleus and to all electrons of the electron cloud. A nucleus that has a different number of protons than neutrons...

called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, known...

transferred (electrons flow) downwards to ground along the lightning channel (the conventional current flows from the ground up to the cloud). The reverse...

Electron density or electronic density is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at an infinitesimal element of space surrounding...

microelectronics because electrons tunnel readily through insulating layers and transistors that are thinner than about 1 nm. The effect was predicted in the...

minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron(s) (the valence electron(s)) of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule...

Pan, Shuaihang; Zhang, Zhinan (2017). "Triboelectric effect: A new perspective on electron transfer process". Journal of Applied Physics. 122 (14):...

ionized hydrogen content of gas clouds. Since it takes nearly as much energy to excite the hydrogen atom's electron from n = 1 to n = 3 (12.1 eV, via...

Electromagnetic spectrum Electron-cloud effect Electron Electron avalanche Electron beam ion trap Electron cyclotron resonance Electron density Electron energy loss...

resulting clouds resemble long strings over the ocean. The warming caused by human-produced greenhouse gases has been somewhat offset by the cooling effect of...

is sufficient to cause electrons to "boil" away from the surface atoms and surround the metal object in a cloud of free electrons. This is called thermionic...

Since electrons forced to remain in orbit are continuously accelerating, they would be mechanically unstable. Larmor noted that electromagnetic effect of...