Electron capture ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A − {\displaystyle...

by the electron beam ion trap. Electron capture ionization (ECI) is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create...

of electron capture ionization. The electron affinity is positive when energy is released on electron capture. In solid state physics, the electron affinity...

An electron capture detector (ECD) is a device for detecting atoms and molecules in a gas through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization...

chemistry. Reagent gas molecules (often methane or ammonia) are ionized by electron ionization to form reagent ions, which subsequently react with analyte...

solution for the ionization rate is possible. Tunnel ionization is ionization due to quantum tunneling. In classical ionization, an electron must have enough...

Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) is a method of fragmenting gas-phase ions for structure elucidation of peptides and proteins in tandem mass spectrometry...

Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically...

the Auger electron corresponds to the difference between the energy of the initial electronic transition into the vacancy and the ionization energy for...

enough energy per individual photon or particle to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the...

thereby ionizing them (impact ionization). This releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide with further atoms, releasing more electrons—a chain...

needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature relative...

double ionization and transfer-ionization revealed the important role of electron-electron correlation effects in processes involving multiple electrons. In...

helium as an ionization source. Eluants from the GC column, flowing counter to the flow of helium from the discharge zone, are ionized by photons from...

nano-ESI/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) dual ionization source using radical anions of 1,3-dinitrobenzene as the electron donor. Later a lab at the...

many types of ionizing radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles. Conventionally, the term "ionization chamber" refers...

manufacturers. The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass...

produces antineutrinos). In electron capture, some proton-rich nuclides were found to capture their own atomic electrons instead of emitting positrons...

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric...

secondary electron with enough energy to escape a significant distance away from the primary radiation beam and produce further ionization.: 25  The term...

7 Gy. For a group of 9–12 Auger electrons with energies at 12–18 eV in water (including the effect of water ionization at approximately 10 eV), an estimate...

energy particles or gamma radiation make the gas conductive by ionization. The ionization is considerably amplified within the tube by the Townsend discharge...

molecule M. Adding an electron through an ion-ion reaction is called electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). Similar to electron-capture dissociation, ETD induces...

of precipitated electrons. PIPER is a Stanford-made photometer specifically designed for capturing the photons emitted when ionization occurs in the ionosphere...

London in England. He studies and conducts experiments involving electron capture, ionization and excitation processes in low-velocity collisions among atoms...

The secondary electrons (and/or positrons) produced in any of these three processes frequently have enough energy to produce much ionization themselves....

and electrons. When the temperature drops below the ionization potential, atoms become statistically favorable. Atoms (complete with bound electrons) became...

be regarded as the ionization energy of the −1 ion or the zeroth ionization energy. Either convention can be used. Negative electron affinities can be...

highest grades of ionization (U92+), wavelength measurement, hyperfine structure of energy levels, quantum electrodynamic studies, ionization cross-sections...

panels, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors, and particle accelerators. Interactions involving electrons with other...