A language is head-marking if the grammatical marks showing agreement between different words of a phrase tend to be placed on the heads (or nuclei) of...

criterion in language typology in which languages are classified according to whether they are more head-marking or dependent-marking. Many languages employ...

common to classify language morphology according to whether a phrase is head-marking or dependent-marking. A given dependency is head-marking, if something...

linguistics, head directionality is a proposed parameter that classifies languages according to whether they are head-initial (the head of a phrase precedes...

A zero-marking language is one with no grammatical marks on the dependents or the modifiers or the heads or nuclei that show the relationship between...

Dependent-marking language Head-marking language Zero-marking language Nichols, J. 1986. Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar. Language 62, 1, 56-119...

not marked.[citation needed] For more information, see Hadza is a head-marking language in both clauses and noun phrases. Word order is flexible; the default...

consonants. The Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic and head-marking. As of 2020, almost all surviving Iroquoian languages are severely or critically...

Dependent-marking language Head-marking language Double-marking language Zero-marking language Maddieson, Ian. "Locus of Marking: Whole-Language Typology"...

of the first syllable of root). Chamorro is a predicate-initial head-marking language. It has a rich agreement system in the nominal and in the verbal...

agglutinating, polysynthetic head-marking language, but many of its affixes combine into contractions more like fusional languages. The canonical word order...

example of a language in which case marking occurs on all sub-constituents of the NP; see the following example in which the demonstrative, head, and quantifier...

Ojibwe language is polysynthetic, exhibiting characteristics of synthesis and a high morpheme-to-word ratio. Ojibwe is a head-marking language in which...

However, many descendants of fusional languages tend to lose their case marking. In most Romance and Germanic languages, including Modern English (with the...

tendency in the Paumarí language highlights exactly why languages such as Paumarí are endangered. It is a largely head-marking language with unmarked SVO word...

Sango Yoruba Auxiliary verb Free morpheme Isolating language Zero-marking language Synthetic language Linguistic typology See pp. 50–51 in Zuckermann, Ghil'ad...

Khmer language Thai language Central Flores languages Analytic language Free morpheme Linguistic typology Synthetic language Zero-marking language "A Computerized...

there is no contrasting short e. Innu-aimun is a polysynthetic, head-marking language with relatively free word order. Its three basic parts of speech...

term polysynthetic to languages with high morpheme-to-word ratios, but others use it for languages that are highly head-marking, or those that frequently...

a heavily dependent-marking language, is an exception to the generalization that the obviative occurs in head-marking languages. Obviation is not overtly...

the head (or modified noun) and the dependent (or modifier noun). In dependent-marking languages, a dependent genitive noun modifies the head by expressing...

agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination. In an agglutinative language, words contain...

inanimate) Specifically, ergative languages with split case marking are more likely to use ergative rather than accusative marking for NPs lower down the hierarchy...

opposed to a fusional language, in which affixes may include multiple morphemes). Tzeltal is further classified as a head-marking language, meaning that grammatical...

sample of the world's languages (one per stock) and tabulates typological characteristics such as: Head-marking vs. dependent-marking Morphological complexity...

tense, mood, person, gender, number, and evidential marking. Bulgarian is a fusional inflecting language with some analyticity (including prepositions in...

ISBN 0-521-41043-6. (hb); (pbk). Nichols, Johanna (1986). "Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar". Language. 62 (1): 56–119. doi:10.1353/lan.1986.0014. S2CID 144574879...

realized as voiced fricative sounds [ð, ɣ]. Murrinh-Patha is a head-marking language with a complex verb generally considered to be polysynthetic. The...

Nichols, J. (1986). Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar. Language, 62(1), 56-119. Comrie, B. (2013). Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases...

in dependent-marking SOV languages, and hence they usually follow the nouns. In most SOV languages with a significant level of head-marking or verb-like...