In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two...

'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts...

infrequently. Type I string theory turns out to be equivalent by S-duality to the SO(32) heterotic string theory. Similarly, type IIB string theory is related to...

versions of string theory: type I, type IIA, type IIB, and two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E8×E8). The different theories allow different...

elliptically fibered, and F-theory on a K3 manifold is dual to heterotic string theory on a two-torus. Also, the moduli spaces of those theories should be isomorphic...

Twistor string theory was extended first by generalising the RSV Yang–Mills amplitude formula, and then by finding the underlying string theory. The extension...

of SO(10). In some forms of string theory, including E8 × E8 heterotic string theory, the resultant four-dimensional theory after spontaneous compactification...

that routinely emerges in string theory, such as in heterotic string theory or (sometimes equivalently) in F-theory. String theory has mechanisms that may...

as the low-energy limits of string theories, in particular of type I string theory and of the two heterotic string theories. Supergravity was much studied...

string theory via the Green–Schwarz mechanism (named after Michael Green and John H. Schwarz) in 1984. The ground-breaking discovery of the heterotic...

sector of the heterotic string was given by Berkovits, Okawa and Zwiebach. The formulation amalgamates bosonic closed string field theory with Berkovits'...

that type IIA string theory is equivalent to type IIB string theory via T-duality and also that the two versions of heterotic string theory are related...

on string theory believed there were five distinct versions of the theory: type I, type IIA, type IIB, and the two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32)...

the obligatory gauge symmetry in type I and heterotic string theories, and obtained in type II string theory by compactification on certain Calabi–Yau manifolds...

Witten that type I string theory with the string coupling constant g {\displaystyle g} is equivalent to the SO(32) heterotic string with the coupling 1...

realized that type IIA string theory is related to type IIB string theory by T-duality. Superstring theory Type I string Heterotic string Green, M.B.; Schwarz...

In physics, a Unified Field Theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity, and all elementary...

Twistor string theory is an equivalence between N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative topological B model string theory in twistor...

the heterotic string, along with David Gross, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm. The four physicists were colloquially known as the "Princeton string quartet"...

In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or...

types IIA and IIB, and two heterotic string theories. The prevailing thought was that only one of these could be the correct theory of everything. It is now...

gravity, such as string theory, try to develop a framework that describes all fundamental forces. Such a theory is often referred to as a theory of everything...

and general theories of relativity. An elemental force carrier of gravity is hypothesized in quantum gravity approaches such as string theory, in a potentially...

string theory. These extensions of general relativity are central to many modern theories of fundamental physics, including string theory, M-theory,...

common 4D of space and time and considered an important precursor to string theory. In their setup, the vacuum has the usual 3 dimensions of space and...

theoretical physics, the Einstein–Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation, one of several alternatives...

Nambu-Goto action Bosonic string theory Kondo model (s-d model) Minimal model (Virasoro minimal model) String theory Conformal field theory Supersymmetry Topological...

Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s. It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum...

consistent versions of the theory. These versions are known as type I, type IIA, type IIB, and the two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E8×E8)....

prediction in both quantum field theory and string theory models of the early universe. The prototypical example of a field theory with cosmic strings is the...