The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India...

Rules of inference are ways of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as norms of the logical structure of valid...

logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses...

Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory...

Classical logic Computability logic Deontic logic Dependence logic Description logic Deviant logic Doxastic logic Epistemic logic First-order logic Formal...

Logic programming is a programming, database and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical...

In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level...

Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. In philosophy and related fields it is used as a tool for...

In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to...

China is a special case in the history of logic, due to its relatively long isolation from the corresponding traditions that developed in Europe, India...

Non-classical logics (and sometimes alternative logics or non-Aristotelian logics) are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical...

concept in the philosophy of language, semantics, logic, and related fields, often characterized as the primary bearer of truth or falsity. Propositions...

Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic. Classical logic has had...

branch of logic. It is also called propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes zeroth-order logic. Sometimes...

marry a woman who is not a virgin. This closed logic loop clearly illustrated Catch-22 because by her logic, all men who refuse to marry her are sane and...

Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also...

Stoic logic is the system of propositional logic developed by the Stoic philosophers in ancient Greece. It was one of the two great systems of logic in the...

In logic, a predicate is a symbol that represents a property or a relation. For instance, in the first-order formula P ( a ) {\displaystyle P(a)} , the...

In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true...

In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers...

Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in...

Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical...

In logic, a three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems...

In mathematics and logic, an axiomatic system is a set of formal statements (i.e. axioms) used to logically derive other statements such as lemma or theorems...

In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic...

("Sum of Logic") is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham. It was written around 1323. Systematically, it resembles other works of medieval logic, organised...

In logic, the semantics of logic or formal semantics is the study of the meaning and interpretation of formal languages, formal systems, and (idealizations...

mathematical logic in van Heijenoort 1967, p. 356. cf Curry and Feys 1958; Quine in van Heijenoort 1967, p. 357. von Neumann's critique of the history observes...

interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science...

instance for short, of the original expression. Where ψ and φ represent formulas of propositional logic, ψ is a substitution instance of φ if and only if...