The hot-filament ionization gauge, sometimes called a hot-filament gauge or hot-cathode gauge, is the most widely used low-pressure (vacuum) measuring...

must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge for accurate measurement. A hot-cathode ionization gauge is composed mainly of three electrodes...

of the filament are two main failure modes of vacuum tubes. Hot filament ionization gauge Avadhanulu, M.N.; P.G. Kshirsagar (1992). A Textbook Of Engineering...

gauge Bourdon gauge Hot filament ionization gauge Ionization gauge McLeod gauge Oscillating U-tube Permanent downhole gauge Piezometer Pirani gauge Pressure...

source. A source can work without any magnetic field like in a hot filament ionization gauge. In a Kaufman source ions are generated by collisions with electrons...

version an electrically heated filament produces an electron beam. The electrons travel through the gauge and ionize gas molecules around them. The resulting...

tube. The other type of cathode is a hot cathode, which is heated by electric current passing through a filament. A cold cathode does not necessarily...

kind of ionizer has been around since the early 1950s. The OIS type is usually mounted directly to the vacuum chamber, exposing the filament wire and...

collide with and ionize noble gas atoms inside the bulb surrounding the filament to form a plasma by the process of impact ionization. As a result of avalanche...

four independent chambers with a miniaturized Bayard-Alpert hot filament ionization gauge in each chamber. Four small holes in the dome allow the neutral...

possible to study the state of ionization at many different times in the past. Reionization began as "bubbles" of ionized hydrogen which became larger over...

Blueberry galaxies (BBs) are dwarf starburst galaxies that have very high ionization rates and some of the lowest stellar masses and metallicities. They are...

radiation, the primordial hydrogen and helium were fully ionized into nuclei and free electrons. In this hot and dense situation, the radiation (photons) could...

and also in boutique guitar amplifiers. Receiving tubes have heaters or filaments intended for direct battery operation, parallel operation off a dedicated...

rhenium filaments exhibit a higher stability if the filament is operated not in vacuum, but in oxygen-containing atmosphere. Those filaments are widely...

flowing in along the cosmic filaments. Gas of this type, detectable out to ~160,000 ly (50 kpc), largely becomes part of the hot halo, cools and condenses...

overheat. Two Redhead (cold cathode) and two Bayard-Alpert (hot filament) ionization vacuum gauges were used to measure the neutral particle density and ambient...

structures. After the Big Bang, dark matter clumped into blobs along narrow filaments with superclusters of galaxies forming a cosmic web at scales on which...

of ionization (such as in a cloud chamber) does not work for neutrons directly. Neutrons that elastically scatter off atoms can create an ionization track...

Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923), Russia – electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament Louis Lombard-Gérin (1848–1918), France – trolleybus...

An incandescent light bulb generates light using a glowing filament heated to white-hot by an electric current. JPEG. JPEG (pronounced jay-peg) is a...

combustible-matter content ISO 1888:2022 Textile glass — Staple fibres or filaments — Determination of average diameter ISO 1889:2009 Reinforcement yarns...

method ISO 3567:2011 Vacuum gauges — Calibration by direct comparison with a reference gauge ISO 3568 Ionization vacuum gauges — Calibration by direct comparison...

applications, most notably in incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in TIG welding, and superalloys...

Some of these spacecraft had dust composition analyzers that used impact ionization to determine the composition of ions generated from the cosmic dust particle...

Russian) "family San Galli: a European success". Retrieved 23 October 2016. The hot boxes of San Galli Archived 7 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)...