Insect toxins are various protein toxins produced by insect species. Assassin bugs, sometimes known as kissing bugs, are one of the largest and morphologically...

A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated...

Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages...

paralysis. The toxin causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine...

RY-sin) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The median...

Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological...

improve the environment for further fungal proliferation. The production of toxins depends on the surrounding intrinsic and extrinsic environments and these...

Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus...

australis hector insect toxin also known as AaHIT is a scorpion toxin which affects voltage-gated sodium channels. Four different insect toxins, namely AaHIT1...

birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants. In the United States, fly sprays often contain the powerful insect toxin dichlorvos which is often...

targets of Toxin_10 proteins are insects. With the exception of Cry36 and Cry78, the Toxin_10 toxins appear to act as two-part, binary toxins. The partner...

Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved...

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted mainly by Corynebacterium diphtheriae but also by Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis...

evolution. It is believed that these birds gain the toxin from batrachotoxin-containing insects that they eat and then secrete it through the skin. Batrachotoxin...

smelled or tasted and cannot be destroyed by cooking. Rapid testing for this toxin in food is not standard. Some ciguatoxins lower the threshold for opening...

crystals (Cry toxins) or cytoplasmically (Cyt toxins), which are encoded by cry or cyt genes, respectively. When insects ingest toxin crystals, the enzymes...

metabolizes to HT-2 mycotoxin (a major metabolite). The toxicity of T-2 toxin is due to its 12,13-epoxy ring. Epoxides are in general toxic compounds;...

case, toxic arthropods – from which they absorb and reuse the consumed toxins. The secretion of these chemicals is released by the granular glands of...

Scorpion toxins are proteins found in the venom of scorpions. Their toxic effect may be mammal- or insect-specific and acts by binding with varying degrees...

spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria...

that occurs during gas gangrene. Gas gangrene is caused by alpha toxin, or α-toxin, that embeds itself into the plasma membrane of cells and disrupts...

mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin. Bufotoxins can contain 5-MeO-DMT, bufagins, bufalin, bufotalin, bufotenin...

Haemotoxins, hemotoxins or hematotoxins are toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized...

with LPS, although there are a few endotoxins (in the original sense of toxins that are inside the bacterial cell that are released when the cell disintegrates)...

Butt TM, Azambuja P (October 2011). "Insect natural products and processes: new treatments for human disease". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology...

Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was...

eight amino acids. It is possibly the most deadly of all the amatoxins, toxins found in several species of the mushroom genus Amanita, one being the death...

Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen, CTX, CTx and CT) is a potent enterotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae which causes severe watery...

longest animal can kill cockroaches". Science News. Retrieved 2018-03-30. "Insect toxin detected in the world's longest animal". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018-03-30...

this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from...