In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field...

states of polarization correspond to different relationships between polarization and the direction of propagation. In linear polarization, the fields...

microwaves, and X-rays. Linear polarizers can be divided into two general categories: absorptive polarizers, where the unwanted polarization states are absorbed...

polarization. The other special case is the easier-to-understand linear polarization. All three terms were coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, in a memoir...

In fiber optics, polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF or PM fiber) is a single-mode optical fiber in which linearly polarized light, if properly...

circular polarization) is much less likely. Observationally, the linear polarization fraction p ~ 0.015 from a single scattering; circular polarization from...

circular polarization, or a superposition of the two. Equivalently, a photon can be described as having horizontal or vertical linear polarization, or a...

exhibit chirality. Circular polarization and linear polarization can be considered to be special cases of elliptical polarization. This terminology was introduced...

antennas use mixed polarization, such as linear polarization at an angle (with both vertical and horizontal components) or circular polarization. On the other...

circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the...

familiar polarization states are linear and circular, which are degenerate cases of the most general state, an ellipse. One way to describe polarization is...

elliptical polarization into linear polarization, a halfwave plate, which transforms this linear polarization into another linear polarization, and a second...

polarization. Plane polarization of starlight generated at the star itself is observed for Ap stars (peculiar A type stars). Both circular and linear...

propagation direction, there is one linear polarization that is perpendicular to the optic axis, and a ray with that polarization is called an ordinary ray and...

polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized...

homogeneous, linear, time-independent media can be written as a linear superposition of plane-waves of different frequencies and polarizations. The treatment...

than a year. Later, he coined the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization, explained how optical rotation could be...

is present. The state of polarization (such as the axis of linear polarization or the orientation of elliptical polarization) is rotated as the wave traverses...

different speeds, a property known as circular birefringence. Since a linear polarization can be decomposed into the superposition of two equal-amplitude circularly...

where the polarization varies in space, with the gradient depending on which type of polarization is used. Orthogonal linear polarizations (the lin⊥lin...

polarization direction of linearly polarized light, and the quarter-wave plate, which converts between different elliptical polarizations (such as the special...

that is, media in which the polarization density P responds non-linearly to the electric field E of the light. The non-linearity is typically observed only...

has an equal amount of power in each of two linear polarizations. The s polarization refers to polarization of a wave's electric field normal to the plane...

the Academy of Sciences, coins the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization, and reports a direct refraction experiment...

Fresnel coined the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. For circular polarization, the two perpendicular components...

provides non-reciprocal rotation while maintaining linear polarization. That is, the polarization rotation due to the Faraday rotator is always in the...

horizontal, vertical, linear, and circular polarization to detect different types of reflections. For example, circular polarization is used to minimize...

(clockwise/counterclockwise with circular polarization or at 90 degree angles, usually 45 and 135 degrees, with linear polarization). As each filter passes only that...

vertical and horizontal linear polarization, but in North America, DBS transmissions use left- and right-hand circular polarization. Within the waveguide...

A polarization rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization axis of a linearly polarized light beam by an angle of choice. Such devices can...