• Thumbnail for Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
    Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is the practice of measuring the distance between the surfaces of the Earth and the Moon using laser ranging. The distance can...
    34 KB (3,498 words) - 18:50, 28 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation
    and advancement of previous Lunar Laser Ranging experiments, which use retroreflectors on the Moon to track changes in lunar orbital distance and motion...
    35 KB (4,566 words) - 15:36, 10 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Laser Ranging Retroreflector
    The Laser Ranging Retroreflector (LRRR) is the first ever deployable lunar laser ranging experiment. It was carried on Apollo 11 as part of the Early...
    14 KB (1,702 words) - 20:12, 22 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Lunar distance
    average rate of 3.8 cm (1.5 in) per year, as detected by the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment. Because of the influence of the Sun and other perturbations...
    42 KB (4,408 words) - 02:03, 26 May 2025
  • Libration (redirect from Lunar libration)
    the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment and two retroreflectors by Lunokhod rovers allowed accurate measurement of the physical librations by laser ranging to...
    15 KB (1,678 words) - 03:30, 15 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for List of retroreflectors on the Moon
    open lid in the front. Lunar Laser Ranging experiment List of artificial objects on the Moon List of missions to the Moon Lunar Retroreflectors Slava G...
    14 KB (730 words) - 12:52, 19 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
    Spaceflight portal Apollo program Lunar laser ranging experiment Hexanitrostilbene, a vacuum stable explosive used in the ALSEP. Lunar Roving Vehicle List of artificial...
    28 KB (1,176 words) - 19:06, 26 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Retroreflector
    15 missions left retroreflectors on the Moon as part of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. The Soviet Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 rovers also carried smaller...
    40 KB (4,519 words) - 17:46, 28 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Corner reflector
    Scientific research satellites Lunar Laser Ranging experiment – Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser lightPages displaying short...
    8 KB (940 words) - 21:11, 16 February 2025
  • Thumbnail for Apollo 11
    Passive Seismic Experiment Package used to measure moonquakes and a retroreflector array used for the lunar laser ranging experiment. Then Armstrong walked...
    187 KB (19,662 words) - 19:46, 20 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
    from laser ranging retro-reflectors (LRRRs, or arrays of corner-cube prisms used as targets for Earth-based tracking lasers) on Lunar Laser Ranging experiments...
    47 KB (5,038 words) - 00:39, 26 April 2025
  • Investigator on the Apollo Program's Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment, which significantly restricted the possible range of spatial variation of the strength...
    10 KB (1,153 words) - 06:29, 5 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for List of artificial objects on the Moon
    retroreflectors for the Lunar Laser Ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 astronauts, Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander, and by the Soviet...
    64 KB (2,402 words) - 19:24, 26 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment
    The Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment (LEAM) was a lunar science experiment that flew to the Moon on board Apollo 17 in 1972. It collected information...
    6 KB (656 words) - 23:39, 21 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lidar
    detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging") is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring...
    133 KB (15,020 words) - 05:41, 18 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for CERGA Observatory
    observing facilities of the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, for example, the lunar-laser ranging telescope and the two satellite laser stations. By nature the...
    5 KB (251 words) - 15:59, 6 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Dye laser
    wide range of applications, from the study of fluorescent lifetimes and semiconductor properties to lunar laser ranging experiments. Tunable lasers are...
    25 KB (3,180 words) - 10:25, 9 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lunar plaque
    United States Apollo Lunar Modules flown on lunar landing missions Apollo 11 through Apollo 17, to be left permanently on the lunar surface. The plaques...
    8 KB (976 words) - 10:25, 14 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for List of passive satellites
    Remote Camera Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 2 List of laser ranging satellites Lunar Laser Ranging experiment Balloon satellites Satellite geodesy "NASA - NSSDCA...
    4 KB (669 words) - 10:02, 29 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Internal structure of the Moon
    collected from the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment with lunar gravity field data from the GRAIL mission, shows that for a relaxed lunar fluid core with non-hydrostatic...
    9 KB (1,034 words) - 11:46, 20 October 2024
  • Laboratories of Frascati (INFN-LNF) to complement and expand on the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment started with the Apollo Program in 1969. MoonLIGHT was planned...
    10 KB (1,080 words) - 12:29, 26 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Mösting (crater)
    more precisely defined using the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the...
    6 KB (416 words) - 12:52, 22 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for List of laser applications
    they planted retroreflector arrays to make possible the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. Laser beams are focused through large telescopes on Earth aimed...
    24 KB (2,749 words) - 06:01, 17 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Orbit of the Moon
    ELP2000 Ephemeris Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris Lunar Laser Ranging experiment Milankovitch cycles Orbital elements The geometric mean distance...
    38 KB (4,741 words) - 07:42, 21 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Selenographic coordinate system
    coordinate system has become more precisely defined due to the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. Anything past 90°E or 90°W would not be seen from Earth, except...
    5 KB (581 words) - 19:07, 21 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Laser communication in space
    daytime laser communications experiments were performed over three months during late 2013 and early 2014. Initial data returned from the Lunar Laser Communication...
    46 KB (4,018 words) - 21:28, 23 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Curved spacetime
    gravitational fields. In 1986, Bartlett and Van Buren noted that lunar laser ranging had detected a 2 km offset between the moon's center of figure and...
    45 KB (5,669 words) - 14:45, 22 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Tide
    Tide (redirect from Lunar tide)
    Especially high spring tide Lunar Laser Ranging experiment – Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser lightPages displaying short...
    111 KB (13,261 words) - 02:01, 16 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Speed of light
    measurements of small fractions of a second must be very precise. The Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, radar astronomy and the Deep Space Network determine distances...
    141 KB (14,741 words) - 18:22, 18 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Equivalence principle
    Nordtvedt effect. This effect has been sensitively tested by Lunar Laser Ranging experiments. Up to the limit of one part in 1013 there is no Nordtvedt...
    49 KB (5,570 words) - 23:24, 3 July 2025