An n × n permutation matrix can represent a permutation of n elements. Pre-multiplying an n-row matrix M by a permutation matrix P, forming PM, results...

rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix R = [...

Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and...

symmetric matrix M {\displaystyle M} with real entries is positive-definite if the real number x T M x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{\mathsf {T}}M\mathbf...

especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is a Z-matrix) and whose eigenvalues have...

In mathematics, a block matrix or a partitioned matrix is a matrix that is interpreted as having been broken into sections called blocks or submatrices...

symplectic matrix is a 2 n × 2 n {\displaystyle 2n\times 2n} matrix M {\displaystyle M} with real entries that satisfies the condition where M T {\displaystyle...

In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of a set of vectors v 1 , … , v n {\displaystyle v_{1},\dots ,v_{n}} in an inner product...

In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a complex square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element...

non-zero, the matrix is considered dense. The number of zero-valued elements divided by the total number of elements (e.g., m × n for an m × n matrix) is sometimes...

algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it...

any ⁠ m × n {\displaystyle m\times n} ⁠ matrix. It is related to the polar decomposition. Specifically, the singular value decomposition of an m × n {\displaystyle...

In mathematics, an Hadamard matrix, named after the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard, is a square matrix whose entries are either +1 or −1 and whose...

linear algebra, a square matrix A {\displaystyle A}  is called diagonalizable or non-defective if it is similar to a diagonal matrix. That is, if there exists...

mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise...

over R, and may be called a matrix algebra. In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries...

India's intellectual property for exfiltration. On 8 October 2023, the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine received a recommendation for use by the Strategic Advisory...

mathematics, a unimodular matrix M is a square integer matrix having determinant +1 or −1. Equivalently, it is an integer matrix that is invertible over...

In analytical mechanics, the mass matrix is a symmetric matrix M that expresses the connection between the time derivative q ˙ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\dot...

other malaria vaccines. The most effective malaria vaccine is the R21/Matrix-M, with a 77% efficacy rate shown in initial trials and significantly higher...

statistics, the projection matrix ( P ) {\displaystyle (\mathbf {P} )} , sometimes also called the influence matrix or hat matrix ( H ) {\displaystyle (\mathbf...

A matrix with m {\displaystyle m} rows and n {\displaystyle n} columns is called an m × n {\displaystyle m\times n} matrix, or m {\displaystyle {m}} -by-...

Vandermonde matrix, named after Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, is a matrix with the terms of a geometric progression in each row: an ( m + 1 ) × ( n...

complement of the block D of the matrix M is the p × p matrix defined by M / D := A − B D − 1 C . {\displaystyle M/D:=A-BD^{-1}C.} If A is invertible...

The Toyota Matrix, officially named Toyota Corolla Matrix, is a compact hatchback manufactured by Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada in Cambridge, Ontario...

} If A is an m × n matrix, then AT is an n × m matrix. A square matrix whose transpose is equal to itself is called a symmetric matrix; that is, A is...

In linear algebra, an orthogonal matrix, or orthonormal matrix, is a real square matrix whose columns and rows are orthonormal vectors. One way to express...

columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number...

A square root of a 2×2 matrix M is another 2×2 matrix R such that M = R2, where R2 stands for the matrix product of R with itself. In general, there can...

the modal matrix is used in the diagonalization process involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Specifically the modal matrix M {\displaystyle M} for the...