A multiple-conclusion logic is one in which logical consequence is a relation, ⊢ {\displaystyle \vdash } , between two sets of sentences (or propositions)...

Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in...

examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated...

inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference...

In logic, a substructural logic is a logic lacking one of the usual structural rules (e.g. of classical and intuitionistic logic), such as weakening,...

quantification fallacy is an error in logic where the quantifiers of the premises are in contradiction to the quantifier of the conclusion. Types of quantification...

logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by...

In logic and deductive reasoning, an argument is sound if it is both valid in form and has no false premises. Soundness has a related meaning in mathematical...

drawing valid conclusions from assumptions (axioms), rather than about verifying the assumptions. However, people over time focused on the logic aspect, forgetting...

premises to the conclusion. This logical perspective on argument is relevant for scientific fields such as mathematics and computer science. Logic is the study...

Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory...

theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts...

Smiley and D. J. Shoesmith, Multiple-Conclusion Logic (1978) (see multiple-conclusion logic) Smiley and Alex Oliver, Plural Logic (2013) Selected papers Sense...

In logic, a three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems...

Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion Argumentation theory – Academic field of logic and rhetoric Attribution (psychology) – Process...

Assumption of a single cause where multiple factors may be necessary Generalization (logic) – Rule of inference in predicate logicPages displaying short descriptions...

The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India...

true premises, a true conclusion must follow. However, formal logic makes no such guarantee if any premise is false; the conclusion can be either true or...

common property, and the conclusion claims that all individuals of the same population have that property. Schaum's Outlines, Logic, pp. 243–35 Goodenough...

Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth....

instead of Richard Nixon. Default logic Multiple inheritance W. Marek and M. Truszczynski (1993). Nonmonotonic Logics: Context-Dependent Reasoning. Springer...

Logic programming is a programming, database and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical...

conclusion based on the best available explanation for a set of premises. Often used in hypothesis formation. Abelian logic A type of relevance logic...

Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge. While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition...

certainty. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence. Classical logic only permits conclusions that are either...

argument is of clear importance to the reasons that we hold things to be true, logic is of essential importance to rationality. Arguments may be logical if they...

In logic, equivocation ("calling two different things by the same name") is an informal fallacy resulting from the use of a particular word or expression...

In propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), implication...

The problem of multiple generality names a failure in traditional logic to describe valid inferences that involves multiple quantifiers. For example, it...

In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox or antinomy of the liar is the statement of a liar that they are lying: for instance...