In the philosophy of mathematics, a non-surveyable proof is a mathematical proof that is considered infeasible for a human mathematician to verify and...

solutions for mathematical problems, especially for those that have a non-surveyable proof, such as the four color theorem. It has also been used in software...

program's calculation (such proofs are called non-surveyable proofs). Another example of a program-assisted proof is the one that shows that the game of Connect...

mathematical proofs. Such proofs often use computational proof methods and may be considered non-surveyable. As of 2011[update], the longest mathematical proof, measured...

verified for correctness. Since these proofs are generally human-surveyable (albeit with difficulty, as with the proof of the Robbins conjecture) they do...

In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof (also known as a ZK proof or ZKP) is a protocol in which one party (the prover) can convince another party (the...

Cambridge, England and Benjamin Werner of INRIA used Rocq to create a surveyable proof of the four color theorem, which was completed in 2002. Their work...

Proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols are a class of consensus mechanisms for blockchains that work by selecting validators in proportion to their quantity of...

Proof of space (PoS) is a type of consensus algorithm achieved by demonstrating one's legitimate interest in a service (such as sending an email) by allocating...

Proof of authority (PoA) is an algorithm used with blockchains that delivers comparatively fast transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity...

Damp proofing in construction is a type of moisture control applied to building walls and floors to prevent moisture from passing into the interior spaces...

most for any mathematical theorem. The proofs are diverse, including both geometric proofs and algebraic proofs, with some dating back thousands of years...

fungible (hence the name non-fungible token). Proponents claim that NFTs provide a public certificate of authenticity or proof of ownership, but the legal...

this proof was not accepted by all mathematicians because the computer-assisted proof was infeasible for a human to check by hand. The proof has gained...

constructive and non-constructive proofs have been presented as "Cantor's proof." The popularity of presenting a non-constructive proof has led to a misconception...

of every non-trivial element is Nilpotent. They showed that every CN group of odd order is solvable. Their proof is similar to Suzuki's proof. It was about...

that there is insufficient proof that God exists. The following arguments deduce, mostly through self-contradiction, the non-existence of God as "the Creator"...

blockchain is achieved using a computationally intensive process based on proof of work, called mining, which is performed by purpose-built computers.: ch...

disjoint-set forest data structure and formalized its correctness using the proof assistant Coq. "Semi-persistent" means that previous versions of the structure...

September 2022, Ethereum transitioned its consensus mechanism from proof-of-work (PoW) to proof-of-stake (PoS) in an update known as "The Merge", which cut the...

of coin ownership. The two most common consensus mechanisms are proof of work and proof of stake. Despite the name, which has come to describe many of...

Papakyriakopoulos, Georgios; Patsakis, Constantinos (2019). "A Survey on Long-Range Attacks for Proof of Stake Protocols". IEEE Access. 7: 28712–28725. Bibcode:2019IEEEA...

axioms. Mathematics uses pure reason to prove properties of objects, a proof consisting of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already...

Thurston announced a proof in the 1980s, and since then, several complete proofs have appeared in print. Grigori Perelman announced a proof of the full geometrization...

for A, proving the assertion. The corresponding eigenvalue is non-negative. The proof requires two additional arguments. First, the power method converges...

In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to...

as follows: "Clearly the existence of CC and RC (Church's and Rosser's proofs) presupposes a precise definition of 'effective'. 'Effective method' is...

than attempting to remove it. Proof-theoretic formalization of a non-monotonic logic begins with adoption of certain non-monotonic rules of inference,...

through fragmentary quotations) commentary, Heron of Alexandria provided proofs of the converses of both II.12 and II.13. Using notation as in Fig. 2, Euclid's...

self-contradictory theories, and to have reliable concepts of theorems, proofs, algorithms, etc. in particular. This may also include the philosophical...