Particle statistics is a particular description of multiple particles in statistical mechanics. A key prerequisite concept is that of a statistical ensemble...

quantum mechanics, indistinguishable particles (also called identical or indiscernible particles) are particles that cannot be distinguished from one...

Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey...

statistical mechanics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics describes the distribution of classical material particles over various energy states in thermal equilibrium...

In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscle in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties...

statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles...

The spin–statistics theorem proves that the observed relationship between the intrinsic spin of a particle (angular momentum not due to the orbital motion)...

Braid statistics are applicable to theoretical particles such as the two-dimensional anyons and plektons. A plekton is a hypothetical type of particle that...

In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin ⁠1/2⁠, spin ⁠3/2⁠...

The tau (τ), also called the tau lepton, tau particle or tauon, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a...

hypothesized microscopic particles in particle physics, condensed matter physics and cosmology. Elementary particles are particles with no measurable internal...

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. The Standard Model...

In particle physics, a boson (/ˈboʊzɒn/ /ˈboʊsɒn/) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form...

to the established particle statistics models (Bose–Einstein statistics, Fermi–Dirac statistics and Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics). Other alternatives...

physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a...

(/njuːˈtriːnoʊ/ new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so...

boson is a particle whose wave function is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore follows Bose–Einstein statistics. The spin–statistics theorem...

spin of νth particle. S ν = 0 {\displaystyle S_{\nu }=0} for a particle that does not exhibit spin. The treatment of identical particles is very different...

takes interparticle potential energy into account, as well as independent particle motion so that it can account for measurements of temperatures near absolute...

Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics. Quantum statistics is more complicated because of the different behaviors of two different kinds of particles called fermions...

In particle physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons...

lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Examples of hadrons containing...

The electron (e− , or β− in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. Ordinary matter is composed of atoms...

(from Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic...

derivation of the Fermi–Dirac statistics or Bose–Einstein statistics for a system of non-interacting quantum particles (see examples below). Note on formulation...

for the position of the particle. Hence, ρ(x) = |ψ(x, t)|2 is a probability density function and the probability that the particle is in the volume V at...

of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive (is not proportional...

S is the entropy, μ is the chemical potential, and N is the number of particles in the system. The change in the grand potential is given by d Φ G = d...

fundamental particle, they are the collective movement of several individual particles (themselves composite) which are governed by non-Abelian statistics. The...

\{\mathbf {r} _{i},i=1\ldots N\}} . Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics gives the probability that the nth particle has momentum p n {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} _{n}}...