In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to...

A quark (/kwɔːrk, kwɑːrk/ ) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called...

the Standard Model of particle physics, it is the largest (strongest) coupling at the scale of the weak interactions and above. The top quark was discovered...

It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is...

The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic...

down quark (symbol: d) is a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter. The down quark is the second-lightest of all quarks, and combines...

bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of −⁠1/3⁠ e. All quarks are...

through the 6 quark bag s-channel mechanism using the P-matrix. The chiral bag model merges the MIT bag model and the skyrmion model. In this model, a hole...

fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson. The Standard Model is renormalizable and mathematically self-consistent;...

quarks. The term "Standard Model" was introduced by Abraham Pais and Sam Treiman in 1975, with reference to the electroweak theory with four quarks....

The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and...

equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually one of each, bound together by the strong interaction. Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles,...

is an example of an exotic hadron that lies outside the conventional quark model classification. A number of different types of tetraquark have been observed...

possible in the quark model; some proposals for non-standard quark model mesons could be: glueballs or gluonium Glueballs have no valence quarks at all. tetraquarks...

A constituent quark is a current quark with a notional "covering" induced by the renormalization group. In the low-energy limit of QCD, a description by...

1970s, the quark model had been developed, by which the mesons and nucleons were viewed as composed of quarks and gluons. By this new model, the nuclear...

refers to the species of an elementary particle. The Standard Model counts six flavours of quarks and six flavours of leptons. They are conventionally parameterized...

Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance)...

Richard Feynman. He introduced, independently of Murray Gell-Mann, the quark model (although he named it "aces"). He later turned his attention to neurobiology...

subatomic particles known as hadrons that led to the development of the quark model. Both the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann and the Israeli physicist...

contain no up or down quarks. Omega baryons containing top quarks are also not expected to be observed. This is because the Standard Model predicts the mean...

in the modern Standard Model of particle physics, protons are known to be composite particles, containing three valence quarks, and together with neutrons...

difference between the mass of the η and that of the η′ is larger than the quark model can naturally explain. This "η–η′ puzzle" can be resolved by the 't Hooft...

strangeness. In the quark model they are understood to be bound states of a strange quark (or antiquark) and an up or down antiquark (or quark). Kaons have proved...

valid explanation until the quark model for hadron particles was developed in the 1960s. The nucleons are composed of three quarks, and the magnetic moments...

chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such...

elementary particles "aces" while Gell-Mann called them "quarks"; the theory came to be called the quark model. The strong attraction between nucleons was the...

(especially 3 quarks), in which case they are called baryons. Composite bosons (especially 2 quarks), in which case they are called mesons. Quark models, first...

61 elementary particles embraced by the Standard Model number: electrons and other leptons, quarks, and the fundamental bosons. Subatomic particles such...

electrons, with no quark structure. Thus, mu "mesons" were not mesons at all, in the new sense and use of the term meson used with the quark model of particle...