transcendental mathematical functions is difficult because the number of extra digits that need to be calculated to resolve whether to round up or down cannot be...

In topology and in calculus, a round function is a scalar function M → R {\displaystyle M\to {\mathbb {R} }} , over a manifold M {\displaystyle M} , whose...

similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times. Many modern symmetric block ciphers...

transformation known as the round function, with each iteration referred to as a round. Usually, the round function R takes different round keys Ki as a second...

cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants, is added...

a new round function that increases diffusion and increases performance on some architectures. Both ciphers are built on a pseudorandom function based...

In cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated (iterated) multiple times inside the algorithm. Splitting a large...

q=\operatorname {round} \left({\frac {a}{n}}\right)} where round is the round function (rounding half to even). Thus according to equation (1), the remainder...

consolidated according to a consolidation function (CF) to form a consolidated data point (CDP). Typical consolidation functions are average, minimum, maximum. After...

alternative to the Feistel network for converting a non-invertible keyed round function to an invertible keyed cipher. It is used in IDEA and IDEA NXT. The...

KIi are round keys for the ith round. The round functions for even and odd rounds are slightly different. In each case the round function is a composition...

32 for small block sizes). The original Block TEA applies the XTEA round function to each word in the block and combines it additively with its leftmost...

2013. The algorithm has a 16-round modified Feistel network structure, with an additional key-dependent mixing function after every 2 rounds. The block...

48 or 64 bits in size. The corresponding key is 2, 3 or 4 words. The round function consists of two rotations, adding the right word to the left word, xoring...

approximately 232 encryptions. GOST is a Feistel network of 32 rounds. Its round function is very simple: add a 32-bit subkey modulo 232, put the result through...

mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. The set X is called the domain of the function and the...

DES, but with the addition of a key-dependent bit permutation in the round function. The key-dependent bit permutation is implemented efficiently in software...

algebraic properties, the S-box is constructed by combining the inverse function with an invertible affine transformation. The S-box is also chosen to avoid...

Floor and ceiling functions In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer...

bent functions, key-dependent rotations, modular addition and subtraction, and XOR operations. There are three alternating types of round function, but...

itself, except the AddRoundKey function is replaced by an AddRoundConstant function that adds a predetermined constant in each round. The Whirlpool algorithm...

The round function is even more complicated than that of CIPHERUNICORN-E, but the extra mixing function between rounds has been removed. The round function...

Feistel network structure of DES to larger block sizes. In each round, the DES round function is applied to the rightmost 32-bit subblock, and the result...

severe design flaw, involving the key schedule but not the underlying round function, it was generally accepted as being a hoax—but one with an astonishing...

with 40-bit export restrictions. All of these ciphers use the same round function consisting of four stages, as shown in the diagram: a key-mixing stage...

unbalanced one unlike the main network — but using the same F-function. The LOKI97 round function (shown right) uses two columns each with multiple copies...

The round function in Rijndael consists of three parts: a nonlinear layer, a linear mixing layer, and a key-mixing XOR layer. The round function in Serpent...

{CR}}} . The round {\displaystyle {\mbox{round}}} function should round the argument to the nearest integer, with ties rounded up (that is, round ( 3.4999...

Richard Outerbridge. DEAL is a Feistel network which uses DES as the round function. It has a 128-bit block size and a variable key size of either 128,...

Banker's rounding as the default behavior when converting real numbers to integers with the Round function. ? Round(2.5, 0) gives 2, ? Round(3.5, 0) gives...