In physics, the Schwinger model, named after Julian Schwinger, is the model describing 1+1D (1 spatial dimension + time) Lorentzian quantum electrodynamics...

Schwinger can refer to: Gene Schwinger (1932–2020), American basketball player Julian Schwinger (1918–1994), a physicist the Schwinger model, which he...

electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and...

W mesons in the Schwinger model, with a mass set by the mass scale Ã, and one massless U(1) gauge boson, similar to the photon. The Schwinger model predicts...

addition to QCD in four spacetime dimensions, the two-dimensional Schwinger model also exhibits confinement. Compact Abelian gauge theories also exhibit...

The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions...

The Lippmann–Schwinger equation (named after Bernard Lippmann and Julian Schwinger) is one of the most used equations to describe particle collisions –...

Julian Schwinger include the following: Schwinger effect (Schwinger pair production) Schwinger function Schwinger limit Schwinger model Schwinger parametrization...

confinement in certain low dimensional theories directly, such as for the Schwinger model whose confinement is driven by instantons. In lattice field theory...

model Scalar and gauge Scalar electrodynamics Scalar chromodynamics Yang–Mills–Higgs Spinor and gauge Quantum electrodynamics (QED) Schwinger model (1+1D...

theorem appeared for the first time, implicitly, in the work of Julian Schwinger in 1951 to prove the connection between spin and statistics. In 1954,...

of the two point correlation. This model was introduced by Thirring and Wess as a version of the Schwinger model with a vector mass term in the Lagrangian...

In quantum electrodynamics (QED), the Schwinger limit is a scale above which the electromagnetic field is expected to become nonlinear. The limit was...

only well defined on diagrams. It replaces the Schwinger representation in dimension 4 with the Schwinger representation in dimension 4 − ε defined by:...

electromagnetic field Scalar electrodynamics Schrödinger equation Schwinger model Schwinger–Dyson equation Vacuum polarization Vertex function Wheeler–Feynman...

disappointment for Schwinger: The lack of appreciation of these facts by others was depressing, but understandable. -J. Schwinger See "the shoes incident"...

Benjamin–Ono equation SS model sausage model Toda field theories O(N)-symmetric non-linear sigma models Ernst equation massless Schwinger model supersymmetric sine-Gordon...

Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 along with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger. Tomonaga was born in Tokyo in 1906. He was the second child and eldest...

electromagnetic interactions. Extending his doctoral advisor Julian Schwinger's work, Sheldon Glashow first experimented with introducing two different...

{r} ,t)du.} The gauge condition of the Fock–Schwinger gauge (named after Vladimir Fock and Julian Schwinger; sometimes also called the relativistic Poincaré...

This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the...

deductive-nomological model (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, the Hempel–Oppenheim model, the Popper–Hempel model, or the covering...

Fock operator Fock model Fock representation Fock space Bargmann–Fock space Fock state Fock symmetry Fock–Lorentz symmetry Fock–Schwinger gauge Hartree–Fock...

a field in their model corresponding to a spinless meson called σ, a scalar meson introduced earlier by Julian Schwinger. The model served as the dominant...

Julian Schwinger in 1969 as a phenomenological alternative to quarks. He extended the Dirac quantization condition to the dyon and used the model to predict...

Schwinger parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. Using the well-known...

1940s and early 1950s, it was reformulated by Feynman, Tomonaga, and Schwinger, who jointly received the Nobel prize for this work in 1965. Today, the...

Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga. Feynman developed a pictorial representation...

 6, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ., pp. 7–51, ISBN 0 444 86712 0: 39  Schwinger (2001), p. 203. Landsberg (1978), p. 199. Landé (1951), p. 12. Griffiths...

contrary to the general belief till then. They solved the Chiral Schwinger Model (CSM), which is anomalous, exactly and proved that it has a consistent...