Canonical quantization First quantization Geometric quantization Quantization (physics) Schrödinger functional Scalar field theory Second quantization on Wikiversity...

theory context, it is also called the second quantization of fields, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization of single particles. When it was...

First quantization is a procedure for converting equations of classical particle equations into quantum wave equations. The companion concept of second quantization...

understood by working under a second quantization formalism. Using the atomic orbital as a basis state, the second quantization Hamiltonian operator in the...

The quantization of the electromagnetic field is a procedure in physics turning Maxwell's classical electromagnetic waves into particles called photons...

mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles. Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves...

field in question. The second quantization of quantum field theory requires that each such ball-spring combination be quantized, that is, that the strength...

relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry. Quantization rules in earlier quantum field theory (QFT)...

In it, fermion species nonconservation was shown to follow from second quantization: creation and annihilation of fermions came to the fore and quantum...

classical action found by second-quantizing the free string and adding interaction terms. As is usually the case in second quantization, a classical field configuration...

number of constituents. It is based on quantum physics – mostly second quantization formalism – and quantum electrodynamics. Hence, theoretical chemistry...

the use of these operators instead of wavefunctions is known as second quantization. They were introduced by Paul Dirac. Creation and annihilation operators...

electrodynamics, i.e., the quantization of the electromagnetic field itself. Dirac's approach is also called second quantization or quantum field theory;...

timing. Since this effect relies on the existence of photons and the second quantization, it can not be fully explained by classical optics. The effect provides...

orientations, so that the process of quantization does not pick out a preferred axis. For this reason, the name "space quantization" fell out of favor, and the...

as excitations of quantum fields, a process with the misnomer of second quantization. And at the end of the 1940s a full theory of quantum electrodynamics...

"Konfigurationsraum und zweite Quantelung" ("Configuration space and second quantization"). Informally, a Fock space is the sum of a set of Hilbert spaces...

theory and quantum field theory. An explicit description of the second-quantization of the light-cone string was given by Kaku and Keiji Kikkawa. Kaku...

complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through. For this reason, scalar field theories are often used for...

the quantized angular momentum condition of the Bohr model with an additional radial quantization condition, the Wilson–Sommerfeld quantization condition...

physics. Specifically, in quantum field theory, or more narrowly, second quantization, one works with ladder operators that create multi-particle quantum...

further developed the quantitative theory of magnons, quantized spin waves. Using the second quantization formalism they showed that magnons behave as weakly...

physicist Vladimir Fock. Fock states play an important role in the second quantization formulation of quantum mechanics. The particle representation was...

systems. The process of quantizing an arbitrary number of particles instead of a single particle is often also called second quantization.: 19  The foregoing...

field in question. The second quantization of quantum field theory requires that each such ball–spring combination be quantized, that is, that the strength...

acceleration of the observer. Time quantization refers to the theory that time has a smallest possible unit. Time quantization is a hypothetical concept. In...

are explained as excitations of the electromagnetic field using second quantization. Corpuscularianism Speed of gravity Photon Philosophy of physics...

"primons" have energies log ⁡ ( p ) {\displaystyle \log(p)} . Under second quantization, multiparticle excitations are considered; these are given by log...

_{y}=|m,n+1\rangle \langle m,n|e^{i\theta _{m,n}^{y}}} and in the second quantization formulation T x = ψ m + 1 , n † ψ m , n e i θ m , n x , T y = ψ m...

term. Gauge-fixing terms are required so as to be able to perform second quantization of a classical gauge theory. The path-integral (Lagrangian) formulation...