In acoustics, the sound speed gradient is the rate of change of the speed of sound with distance, for example with depth in the ocean, or height in the...

wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient or wind velocity gradient, or alternatively shear wind, is the vertical component of the gradient of...

speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound...

a pulse; the resulting time of flight, along with knowledge of the speed of sound in water, allows determining the distance between sonar and target....

and the wind speed is low, sound rays are bent upwards.[clarification needed] Atmospheric refraction Deep sound channel Sound speed gradient Underwater...

for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at...

Pressure gradient Temperature gradient Geothermal gradient Sound speed gradient Wind gradient Lapse rate Grade (slope) Image gradient Time derivative Material...

In the open ocean, the thermocline is characterized by a negative sound speed gradient, making the thermocline important in submarine warfare because it...

planes. The deep sound channel is ideal for the device, as the minimum speed of sound at that depth improves the signal's traveling ability. A position is...

the sound speed gradient in the thermocline, creating an efficient waveguide at the depth, corresponding to the minimum sound speed. The sound speed profile...

of a sound ray that results when the ray passes through a sound speed gradient from a region of one sound speed to a region of a different speed. The...

include the pressure gradient, Rossby waves, jet streams, and local weather conditions. There are also links to be found between wind speed and wind direction...

principles for wind speed profiling. ADCPs contain piezoelectric transducers to transmit and receive sound signals. The traveling time of sound waves gives an...

also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the...

In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that exceeds five times the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above. The precise...

Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e...

generated at speeds not too far above Mach 1 never reaches the ground.: 2  Flight is supersonic when the aircraft speed exceeds the speed of sound in the immediately...

sound speed gradient. With increasing depth, the increasing pressure causes an increase in sound speed, or a positive sound speed gradient. The depth where...

with calibrated echo sounder equipment, having high signal-to-noise ratios. An extremely wide variety of fish taxa produce sound. Sound production behavior...

time-of-flight can be used to infer the speed of sound, averaged over the acoustic path. Changes in the speed of sound are primarily caused by changes in the...

given by the temperature gradient operator, which is the mean temperature gradient divided by the critical temperature gradient. I = ∇ T m ∇ T c r i t {\displaystyle...

} is density of medium in which sound is traveling, and c {\displaystyle c} is speed of sound. For a spherical sound wave, the intensity in the radial...

A sound velocity probe is a device that is used for measuring the speed of sound, specifically in the water column, for oceanographic and hydrographic...

Acoustic tags, also known as acoustic transmitters, are small sound-emitting devices that allow the detection and/or remote tracking of organisms in aquatic...

A sonic boom is a sound associated with shock waves created when an object travels through the air faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate...

sonic boom of a supersonic aircraft. The sound waves generated by the aircraft travel at the speed of sound, which is slower than the aircraft, and cannot...

900 m/s peripheral speed. A countercurrent of the gas is stimulated either mechanically or (less preferred) by a temperature gradient between the top and...

caused by concentration gradient or by a temperature gradient (surface tension is a function of temperature). In simple cases, the speed of the flow u ≈ Δ γ...

The land speed record (LSR) or absolute land speed record is the highest speed achieved by a person using a vehicle on land. By a 1964 agreement between...

a variation in wind speed or direction with height. The wind shear in this case is a function of a horizontal temperature gradient, which is a variation...