Substitution bias describes a possible bias in economic index numbers if they do not incorporate data on consumer expenditures switching from relatively...

Attribute substitution is a psychological process thought to underlie a number of cognitive biases and perceptual illusions. It occurs when an individual...

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral...

accounting Adaptive bias — basing decisions on limited information and biasing them based on the costs of being wrong Attribute substitution — making a complex...

currently updated in January of every even-numbered year to correct for "substitution bias", the idea that consumers will change their buying patterns to keep...

sources of possible bias: Substitution bias occurs because a fixed market basket fails to reflect the fact that consumers substitute relatively less for...

individuals will be much more similar than between unrelated individuals. Substitution bias further increases the likelihood of haplotype convergence, as this...

A synonymous substitution (often called a silent substitution though they are not always silent) is the evolutionary substitution of one base for another...

Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair....

type of disruptive substitution is likely to be removed from populations by the action of purifying selection because the substitution has a higher likelihood...

In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter...

Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial...

up substitution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Substitution may refer to: Substitution (poetry), a variation in poetic scansion Substitution (theatre)...

Political bias refers to the bias or manipulation of information to favor a particular political position, party, or candidate. Closely associated with...

proteins). Substitution models are used to calculate the likelihood of phylogenetic trees using multiple sequence alignment data. Thus, substitution models...

on trade Satisficing Social heuristics Subjective theory of value Substitution bias (psychology) Tragedy of the commons Transaction cost Utility maximization...

consumers switch to cheaper goods when prices rise, a flaw called substitution bias. The Producer Price Index (PPI) might miss shifts in production costs...

phylogenetic applications. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. (1990) Substitution bias, weighting of DNA sequence evolution, and the phylogenetic position...

right of substitution, where applicable, may be exercised by criminal and juvenile defendants and all parties in a civil action. Substitution for cause...

missing data causes: missing data can introduce a substantial amount of bias, make the handling and analysis of the data more arduous, and create reductions...

chained index, has been introduced. The C-CPI-U tries to mitigate the substitution bias that is encountered in CPI-W and CPI-U by employing a Tornqvist formula...

Makova, Kateryna D. (October 2011). "Do Variations in Substitution Rates and Male Mutation Bias Correlate with Life-History Traits? A Study of 32 Mammalian...

statistics, omitted-variable bias (OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing...

A nonsynonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. Nonsynonymous substitutions differ from synonymous...

psychology, the false consensus effect, also known as consensus bias, is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the extent to which other...

Length time bias (or length bias) is an overestimation of survival duration due to the relative excess of cases detected that are asymptomatically slowly...

perfect substitutes (Carson and Mitchell, 1995). Several applications of the contingent valuation method have found an absence of part-whole bias (e.g....

full-length gene sequences with substitution mutations is generated, including a high load of transversions and subsequent substitution mutations. SeSaM is used...

The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with limited competence in a particular domain overestimate their abilities. It was first...

diversity of clones in the germinal center. This involves pseudo-random substitutions biased towards regions encoding the antigen recognition surface of the antibodies...