In molecular biology, trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA. It was first discovered by Emmanuelle Charpentier in her study...

guide RNA composed of two disparate RNAs that associate – the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). Cas9 targeting has been simplified...

requires only a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for effective targeting, whereas Cas9 necessitates both a crRNA and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). In 2016, the nuclease...

precursor crRNAs (pre-crRNAs) into mature crRNAs. This eliminates the requirement for a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA), simplifying guide RNA design and...

artificially engineered combination of two RNA molecules: CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). The crRNA component is responsible for binding...

Vazquez F, Vaucheret H (2004). "Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs". Mol. Cell. 16 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j...

CRISPR systems crRNA and tracrRNA (trans-activating CRISPR RNA) can form a complex known as the guide RNA or gRNA. The crRNA within the gRNA is what matches...

specific location as designated by the crRNA and tracrRNA guide strands. Researchers can insert Cas9 and template RNA with ease in order to silence or cause...

Trans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-acting factors), which may modify or regulate the expression...

complexity, alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts is regulated by a system of trans-acting proteins (activators and repressors) that bind to cis-acting...

mRNA, for example snoRNA HBII-52 regulates the splicing of serotonin receptor 2C. In nematodes, the SmY ncRNA appears to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing...

that of the well characterized Tn7 transposon, complexes with the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and associated Cas proteins for transposition. CAST systems have been...

regulated by trans-acting proteins (repressors and activators) and corresponding cis-acting regulatory sites (silencers and enhancers) on the pre-mRNA. However...

interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) to prevent mRNA translation and/or degrade mRNA. Small activating RNA (saRNA) represents a novel class of RNA therapeutics...

transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in...

initiates RNAi by activating the ribonuclease protein Dicer, which binds and cleaves dsRNAs in plants, or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in humans, to produce...

An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the...

(HIV trans-activator) plays an important role in regulating the reverse transcription of viral genome RNA, ensuring efficient synthesis of viral mRNAs and...

synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide...

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences...

the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I. In order for this transcription to occur, several pol I-associated factors and DNA-specific trans-acting factors are...

luminescence nanoparticles. PPT refers to polyetherimide, PEG and trans-activator of transcription, and TRAIL is the human tumor necrosis factor-related...

receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), may also contribute by activating MAPK pathways and increasing intracellular Ca2+. Antagonism of mGluR5...

Eukaryotic transcriptional activators have separate DNA-binding and activating functions. Upon binding to its cis-element, an activator can recruit polymerase...

been shown to function as trans-acting factors for RNA sequence recognition. Specific members of the MORF (Multiple Organellar RNA editing Factor) family...

(1989). "In vivo and in vitro expression of U7 snRNA genes: cis- and trans-acting elements required for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription". EMBO J...

(2Ig-B7-H3) or two identical pairs (4Ig-B7-H3) due to exon duplication. B7-H3 mRNA is expressed in most normal tissues. In contrast, B7-H3 protein has a very...

humans, is encoded by the ATF3 gene. Activating transcription factor 3 is a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding...

emerged before the evolution of the modern amino acid activation method for protein synthesis. The first RNA polymers probably emerged prior to 4.17 Gya if life...

H, Li J, Song Y, et al. (February 2020). "Cis- and trans-regulations of pre-mRNA splicing by RNA editing enzymes influence cancer development". Nature...