bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors...

worst-case bit error rate, and then fail to work at all if the bit error rate is ever worse. However, some systems adapt to the given channel error conditions:...

Error rate, meaning the frequency of errors, can have the following uses: Bayes error rate Bit error rate Per-comparison error rate Residual bit error...

The residual bit error rate (RBER) is a receive quality metric in digital transmission, one of several used to quantify the accuracy of the received data...

and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is expressed in...

digital transmission, the Viterbi error rate, also known as the Viterbi bit error rate (VBER), is a measurement of error in the transmission of digital Information...

represent or convey one or several bits of data. The symbol rate is related to the gross bit rate, expressed in bits per second. A symbol may be described...

achieve the same bit-error probability as BPSK, QPSK uses twice the power (since two bits are transmitted simultaneously). The symbol error rate is given by:...

known as the "SNR per bit". It is especially useful when comparing the bit error rate (BER) performance of different digital modulation schemes without taking...

linear error-correcting codes. Hamming codes can detect one-bit and two-bit errors, or correct one-bit errors without detection of uncorrected errors. By...

the gross bit rate or data signalling rate (inclusive of redundant error coding), the net bit rate (the useful bit rate exclusive of error correction...

Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data...

=20\log _{10}\!\left(Q^{-1}(y)\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} } where y is the bit-error rate (BER) of the digitally modulated signal under analysis. For instance...

Reed–Solomon error correction codes that steepen the overall bit-error-rate curve and produce extremely low residual undetected error rates. Both Viterbi...

mitigate these effects without changing the bit depth. Bit depth also affects bit rate and file size. Bit depth is useful for describing PCM digital signals...

that the error of a single measurement lies between −a and +a, for positive a. This is useful, for example, in determining the bit error rate of a digital...

are physically secure data transfer, line-of-sight (LOS) and very low bit error rate (BER) that makes it very efficient. The mandatory IrPHY (Infrared Physical...

measured in bit/s/Hz, or, less frequently but unambiguously, in (bit/s)/Hz. It is the net bit rate (useful information rate excluding error-correcting...

of errors and erasures. Reed–Solomon codes are also suitable as multiple-burst bit-error correcting codes, since a sequence of b + 1 consecutive bit errors...

A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code. Parity bits are a simple form of error detecting code. Parity bits are generally...

increasing the bit error rate requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing signal energy, reducing noise, or both. If data rates beyond those...

information consists of a heavily error-corrected short message identifying the sender. Recipients decode it and use the bit error rate to calculate and store a...

Bit error rate test, a testing method for digital communication circuits Bit error rate tester, a test equipment used for testing the bit error rate of...

bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate or bit error ratio (BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during...

to interpret the noise as a data bit, which can cause errors in addressing or processing program code. The bad data bit can even be saved in memory and...

Encoding Rules, a set of rules for encoding data Bit error rate, the ratio between the number of incorrect bits transmitted to the total Bermuda (IOC and UNDP...

same bit error rate (BER) levels when used with the error correcting code (ECC). If the uncoded BPSK system in AWGN environment has a bit error rate (BER)...

user-visible error rate than the raw bit error rate. For many modern packet-switched communication systems, even a single uncorrected bit error is enough...

crosstalk (NEXT). In order for a signal to be received with an acceptable bit error rate, the attenuation and the crosstalk must both be minimized. Crosstalk...

High C/N ratios provide good quality of reception, for example low bit error rate (BER) of a digital message signal, or high SNR of an analog message...