Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost)...

rainforest climate. The system assigns a temperature subgroup for all groups other than those in the A group, indicated by the third letter for climates in B...

wind, and precipitation. In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere...

Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth’s climate system. Climate...

Climate zones are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with a biome classification, as climate...

The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) was established in 1992 as an outcome of the Second World Climate Conference, to ensure that the observations...

treaty among countries to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system". The main way to do this is limiting the increase in greenhouse gases...

Since the Industrial Revolution, the climate has increasingly been affected by human activities. The climate system receives nearly all of its energy from...

leads to large, accelerating and often irreversible changes in the climate system. If tipping points are crossed, they are likely to have severe impacts...

The Trewartha climate classification (TCC), or the Köppen–Trewartha climate classification (KTC), is a climate classification system first published by...

increasing temperatures have secondary effects on the climate system. These secondary effects are called climate feedbacks. Self-reinforcing feedbacks include...

Numerical climate models (or climate system models) are mathematical models that can simulate the interactions of important drivers of climate. These drivers...

The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is a coupled general circulation model (GCM) developed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research...

(IPO). Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from studying the dynamics of the weather and climate system to predictions of future climate. The...

Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an...

An abrupt climate change occurs when the climate system is forced to transition at a rate that is determined by the climate system energy-balance. The...

climate system's internal variability.: 2222  External forcing refers to "a forcing agent outside the climate system causing a change in the climate system": 2229 ...

Climate inertia or climate change inertia is the phenomenon by which a planet's climate system shows a resistance or slowness to deviate away from a given...

include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity). Disputes over the key scientific...

that advances basic understanding of the dynamics and physics of the climate system on large spatial scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans...

Under the Köppen climate system, the first letter indicates the climate group (in this case temperate climates). Temperate climates or "C" zones average...

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations. Its job is to "provide governments at all levels...

complex systems The application of network theory to climate science is a young and emerging field. To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists...

The Climate Forecast System or coupled forecast system (CFS) is a medium to long range numerical weather prediction and a climate model run by the National...

(also known as climate engineering or climate intervention) is the deliberate large-scale interventions in the Earth’s climate system intended to counteract...

temperate climates in the Köppen climate classification system where they are identified by their first letter, a capital D. In the Trewartha climate classification...

of 20% in 2030. The notion of climate has evolved considerably, and it's now easier to define what the "climate system" is, i.e. all the very different...

system that can either amplify (a positive feedback) or diminish (a negative feedback) the effects of a change in climate forcing. The climate system...

ecology, and many aspects of Earth System science are fundamental to the subjects of physical geography and climate science. The Science Education Resource...

Climate justice is a type of environmental justice that focuses on the unequal impacts of climate change on marginalized or otherwise vulnerable populations...