table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5′-to-3′ direction. Different tables with alternate codons are...

translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the...

the DNA and RNA codon tables. Comparison of alternative translation tables for all codons (using IUPAC amino acid codes): Three translation tables have...

In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation...

in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. This is first transformed into mRNA, then tRNA specifies which three-nucleotide codon from the genetic code corresponds...

"ambisense" below). The DNA sense strand looks like the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript, and can therefore be used to read the expected codon sequence that will...

information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", although this is not its original meaning. It was...

RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and...

an ORF therefore only applies to spliced mRNAs, not genomic DNA, since introns may contain stop codons and/or cause shifts between reading frames. An...

transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodon sequences to mRNA codons. The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes...

codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and...

evolution. Codon usage tables detailing genomic codon usage bias for organisms in GenBank and RefSeq can be found in the HIVE-Codon Usage Tables (HIVE-CUTs)...

sequence of DNA that results in a nonsense codon, or a premature stop codon in the transcribed mRNA, and leads to a truncated, incomplete, and possibly nonfunctional...

language (ISO-639 language code), a Great Lakes Bantu language DNA and RNA codon tables This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title...

which binds upstream to the AUG start codon on the mRNA. The 3′-end of 16S RNA binds to the proteins S1 and S21 which are known to be involved in initiation...

RNA structures. The G:U wobble pair, in particular, is abundant in tRNA anticodon loops and facilitates flexible codon recognition. Sheared G:A and reverse...

nucleotide-level to populations of codon triplets, in the case of whole single-stranded Human genome DNA. A kind of "codon-level second Chargaff's parity...

(translation table 2) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. AGA and AGG were thought to have become mitochondrial stop codons early...

to these codons. These variable codes for amino acids are allowed because of modified bases in the first base of the anticodon of the tRNA, and the base-pair...

along with translation tables 27 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Experimental evidence suggests...

a 'polypeptide world', possibly later followed by the 'RNA world' and the 'DNA world'. Codon–amino acids mappings may be the biological information system...

to encode, an unused codon to adopt, a tRNA that recognizes this codon, and a tRNA synthetase that recognizes only that tRNA and only the non-standard...

phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain (namely DNA or RNA). Some, such as deoxyribonuclease I, cut DNA relatively nonspecifically (with regard to sequence)...

In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either...

Phospholipid bilayer Nucleotides DNA DNA replication Proteinogenic amino acid Codon table Prostaglandin Porphyrins Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls Vitamin...

acids. A protein is created by ribosomes that "read" RNA that is encoded by codons in the gene and assemble the requisite amino acid combination from the...

RNA editing, which is common in mitochondria. In higher plants, it was thought that CGG encoded for tryptophan and not arginine; however, the codon in...

transport chain and 24 genes for mitochondrial RNAs; these genes are broken down into 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes. The size of an animal mtDNA plasmid is...

organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis, or...

Variation in translation of the mitochondrial genetic code occurs when DNA codons result in non-standard amino acids has been identified in invertebrates...