Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying...

Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that...

investment requirements. Surface mining and deep underground mining are the two basic methods of mining. The choice of mining method depends primarily...

Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM), is a form of surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain. Coal...

extraction and haulage of coal and minerals in both underground and surface mining. The company had manufacturing facilities in Alabama, Pennsylvania,...

The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior. It is the federal agency...

Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals...

engineering; control theory, instrumentation surface mining; open-pit mining underground mining (soft rock) underground mining (hard rock) computing; DATAMINE, MATLAB...

The expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation....

biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also affect the atmosphere...

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the...

remediation. As part of the life cycle of a surface coal mine, completed mine areas must undergo rehabilitation. When mining ends, operators must restore the land...

while hydraulic mining was at its height, small-scale placer mining had largely exhausted the rich surface placers, and the mining industry turned to...

the surface as in Canada, meaning none of it can be produced using surface mining. The Canadian deposits will almost all have to be produced by mining or...

earth materials removed during an excavation process. In surface mining (commonly called strip mining) for coal or other underground deposits, earth materials...

Room and pillar mining can be advantageous because it reduces the risk of surface subsidence compared to other underground mining techniques. It is...

Sands by surface mining. In the Athabasca sands there are very large amounts of bitumen covered by little overburden, making surface mining the most efficient...

Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association, 452 U.S. 264 (1981), is a United States Supreme Court case that unanimously held that the...

EPS Surface Mining Kosovo (Serbian: ЕПС Површински копови Косово) is a Serbian coal surface mining company with headquarters in Obilić, Kosovo. EPS Surface...

Placer mining (/ˈplæsər/) is the mining of stream bed deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit mining or by various surface excavating equipment...

Surface Mining is done all over the United States and this causes growing concerns about the impact on the environment. West Virginia is one of the leading...

including underground shaft mines and drift mines, and surface mines, including quarries and placer mining. Typically, the cost of addressing the mine's hazards...

Spreaders in mining are heavy equipment used in surface mining and mechanical engineering/civil engineering. The primary function of a spreader is to...

Mining in ancient Rome utilized hydraulic mining and shaft mining techniques in combination with equipment such as the Archimedes screw. The materials...

birth defect rates are higher in the areas surrounding surface mining locations. Coal mining production in Appalachia declined from 1990 to 2015, but...

vast labyrinth of galleries more than 4,000 feet (1,200 m) below the surface. Mining techniques there had been changed 20 years before the 1958 bump, from...

University and SkyTruth to study the longterm environmental footprint of surface mining and mountaintop removal in Appalachia. The study was published in July...

require that land that is surface mined must be restored to its original productivity once mining is complete. Strip mining of lignite in the United States...

equipment machine used in surface mining. Their primary function is that of a continuous digging machine in large-scale open-pit mining operations, removing...

In 1982, the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) issued permit AZ-0001 for surface mining and reclamation operations on...