The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India...

Rules of inference are ways of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as norms of the logical structure of valid...

logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses...

Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory...

Logic programming is a programming, database and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical...

In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to...

Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. In philosophy and related fields it is used as a tool for...

Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical...

concept in the philosophy of language, semantics, logic, and related fields, often characterized as the primary bearer of truth or falsity. Propositions...

Logic models are hypothesized descriptions of the causal chains in certain plans, used to show programmes of action and the results desired from them....

In logic, a three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems...

In logic, a predicate is a symbol that represents a property or a relation. For instance, in the first-order formula P ( a ) {\displaystyle P(a)} , the...

Non-classical logics (and sometimes alternative logics or non-Aristotelian logics) are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical...

branch of logic. It is also called propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes zeroth-order logic. Sometimes...

In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level...

In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers...

In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true...

marry a woman who is not a virgin. This closed logic loop clearly illustrated Catch-22 because by her logic, all men who refuse to marry her are sane and...

Classical logic Computability logic Deontic logic Dependence logic Description logic Deviant logic Doxastic logic Epistemic logic First-order logic Formal...

mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. Bertrand Russell...

mathematical logic in van Heijenoort 1967, p. 356. cf Curry and Feys 1958; Quine in van Heijenoort 1967, p. 357. von Neumann's critique of the history observes...

Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also...

Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic. Classical logic has had...

China is a special case in the history of logic, due to its relatively long isolation from the corresponding traditions that developed in Europe, India...

followers, the Peripatetics, who maintained against the Stoics that Logic was "an instrument" of Philosophy. Aristotle never uses the title Organon to refer to...

development of Indian logic dates back to the Chandahsutra of Pingala and anviksiki of Medhatithi Gautama (c. 6th century BCE); the Sanskrit grammar rules of Pāṇini...

with Aristotelian term logic, the system of propositional logic developed by the Stoics was one of the two great systems of logic in the classical world...

In mathematics and logic, an axiomatic system is a set of formal statements (i.e. axioms) used to logically derive other statements such as lemma or theorems...

Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic. His work centred on philosophical logic, mathematical logic and history of logic. He thought innovatively about...

In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic...