In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate electronic energy levels and the resulting splittings in those...

Pauli exclusion principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule. Fine structure arises from relativistic kinetic energy corrections, spin–orbit coupling...

What is the meaning of the fine structure constant? — Wolfgang Pauli Dimensionless physical constant Hyperfine structure In quantum electrodynamics, α is...

atom with a simple two level structure, whereas most atomic species which are laser cooled have complicated hyperfine structure. Mechanisms such as Sisyphus...

nucleus is a slighter correction to the energy levels known as the hyperfine structure. A similar effect, due to the relationship between angular momentum...

example, the fine-structure corrections are ignored. In the magnetic dipole approximation, the Hamiltonian which includes both the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions...

from NASA. "List of Fellows". Frosch, Robert Alan (1952). Magnetic hyperfine structure in diatomic molecules (Ph.D.). Columbia University. OCLC 35805315...

physics from Harvard University with a doctoral dissertation in the hyperfine structure of hydrogen halide isotopes. He is the co-chair of United Nations...

called hyperfine interactions that influence the nucleus' properties. The nucleus therefore becomes very sensitive to small changes in its hyperfine structure...

perturbation theory. However, this equation does not contain the hyperfine structure corrections, which are due to interactions with the nuclear spin...

a nuclear magnetic spin using atomic spectroscopy to measure the hyperfine structure of caesium. His scientific research at Oxford did not, however, interfere...

Vernon; Kabasakal, Yurdanur; Shugart, Howard; Tezer, Orhan (1968). "Hyperfine Structure of 67Ga and 72Ga". Physical Review. 176 (1): 25–42. Bibcode:1968PhRv...

applying extra terms to account for centrifugal distortion, fine structure, hyperfine structure and Coriolis coupling. Fitting the spectra to the theoretical...

hydrogen, including fine structure (excluding Lamb shift and hyperfine structure), are given by the Sommerfeld fine-structure expression: E j n = − μ c...

of the linewidth of a transition and undesirable effects such as hyperfine structure trapping and radiation trapping. Therefore the orientation of the...

complicated by spin and quantum vacuum effects to produce fine structure and hyperfine structure. Nevertheless, the Bohr radius formula remains central in...

1016/0031-9163(62)90420-1. Weiss, Rainer (1963). "Stark Effect and Hyperfine Structure of Hydrogen Fluoride". Phys. Rev. 131 (2): 659–665. Bibcode:1963PhRv...

moment; the quadrupole moment does cause some small shifts in the hyperfine structure as well. All nuclei that have nonzero spin also have a nonzero magnetic...

as the magnetic dipole moment of leptons, the Lamb shift, and the hyperfine structure of bound lepton pairs, such as muonium and positronium. Since photons...

Schrödinger equation". Atomic spectroscopy. Introduction of theory to Hyperfine Structure. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-387-25573-6. Tennyson, Jonathan (2005). Astronomical...

probe the successful laser excitation of the nuclear state via the hyperfine-structure shift induced into the electronic shell due to the different nuclear...

lines correspond to much rarer atomic events such as hyperfine transitions. The fine structure also results in single spectral lines appearing as two...

calculations by Kramers for the Stark effect). The existence of fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines, which are known to be due to a variety...

\leftrightarrow } is used to indicate a forbidden transition. In hyperfine structure, the total angular momentum of the atom is F = I + J , {\displaystyle...

below the photon-recoil limit. However, for atoms with an unresolved hyperfine structure, such as 7Li, the temperature achieved in a MOT will be higher than...

case of dimensionless universal physical constants, such as the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction...

under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at the California Institute...

atomic physics experiments on atomic species with poorly-resolved hyperfine structure, like isotopes of lithium and potassium, often utilize gray molasses...

the presence of a magnetic field the 1s–2s transition splits into two hyperfine transitions with slightly different frequencies. The team calculated the...

the 3p orbital split the D line into two, at 589.0 and 589.6 nm; hyperfine structures involving both orbitals cause many more lines. Twenty isotopes of...