The Iran–Turkey proxy conflict refers to the indirect conflict originating from the regional rivalry between Iran and Turkey in the Middle East, mainly...

Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in a proxy conflict over influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. The two countries have...

there has been an ongoing proxy conflict between Iran and Israel. Until 1979, motivated by the periphery doctrine, Imperial Iran and Israel had close relations...

fighting had started on October 13, 1997. Turkey backed the KDP, while Iran backed the PUK and PKK. Turkey even intervened on the side of the KDP and...

Turkish state and continuing to the present day with the current PKK–Turkey conflict. According to Ottoman military records, Kurdish rebellions have been...

subset of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict due to Saudi Arabia's longstanding concern about the country's relationship with Iran and Iranian-backed militant...

influence in Syria and the Caucasus through supporting opposing proxies as part of a proxy conflict. However, both countries also have some shared interests...

2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria [o].^ Iran–Israel proxy conflict (combined casualties ≈2,000) 2006 Lebanon War – 1,641 killed Iran–Israel...

as a proxy war as a number of foreign countries–including Turkey, Iran, Russia and the United States–have been directly involved in the conflict, providing...

the Basij and the Islamic Republic of Iran Border Guard Command. Amidst of Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iranian authorities blame Saudi intelligence...

From 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) as...

Syrian civil war Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Persian: محور مقاومت, romanized: Mehvar-e...

focused on deterring the political and military ambitions of Iran, which has a proxy conflict both with Saudi Arabia and with Israel. It has been actively...

building in the Iranian embassy complex in Damascus, Syria. The attack killed 16 people, including multiple Iranian officers and proxy fighters. Most notably...

attack Turkey. The militia hostility to Turkey was perceived as an indirect Iranian warning to Turkey against the PKK operations, with Turkish media claiming...

Iranian generals. The strike was seen as a spillover of the Gaza war and marked Iran's first direct attack on Israel since the start of their proxy conflict...

This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries...

Turkey, Iran has strongly supported Armenia, especially by alleviating the effects of the Turkish blockade." Cornell notes that during the war, Iran served...

recent years, tensions between Saudi Arabia and Turkey have mounted and an increasing proxy conflict has begun to emerge between the two states. Relations...

The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Active...

Wahhabism Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Middle Eastern Cold War (disambiguation) OPEC Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict...

Central America List of conflicts in South America List of conflicts in Europe List of conflicts in Asia List of wars involving Iran List of Chinese wars...

Base Turkey–European Union relations Turkey in NATO Turkey–United States relations Soviet Union–Turkey relations Ziring, Lawrence (1981). Iran, Turkey, and...

conflict across the Middle East have mostly been attributed to a changing political atmosphere dominated primarily by the Iran–Israel proxy conflict....

continued covertly during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). Since 1985, Iran and Israel have been engaged in a proxy conflict that has greatly affected the...

military setbacks due to a series of rebel offensives, Iran and its proxies withdrew from Syria. Iran saw the survival of the Syrian government as being crucial...

served a strategic arm of Iran in the region, playing a key role in the Iran–Israel and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts. On a number of occasions,...

but Iran considers such groups to be "national liberation movements" with a right to self-defense against Israeli military occupation. These proxies are...

their citizens to leave Lebanon. The conflict is thought to be part of the larger Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict. Lebanon's president and some Lebanese...

escalation between Iran and Israel during the proxy war between Israel and Iran and Hamas. United States president Joe Biden warned Iran not to escalate...