Philosophers use protoscience to understand the history of science and distinguish protoscience from science and pseudoscience. The word "protoscience" is a hybrid...

be better described as ideas that are "not yet generally accepted". Protoscience is a term sometimes used to describe a hypothesis that has not yet been...

later disproven, or because they are preliminary theories also known as protoscience which go on to become mainstream after empirical confirmation. Some theories...

guide to alchemy: Alchemy – A philosophical tradition recognized as protoscience, that includes the application of Hermetic principles, and practices...

rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature...

Vedic science refers to a pseudoscientific system of knowledge based on the Vedas, a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. The rise...

cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more...

occultism—viewed as a spiritual tradition rather than as aspects of protoscience or as the pathology of religion." He was a Freemason, as well as being...

with the Five Elements theory. In modern terms, Tao experimented with protoscience rather than the scientific method. His methodology and results have significance...

The Renaissance starting in the 14th century saw the establishment of protoscience that eventually became modern science. This was a period of great social...

the ancient world encompasses the earliest history of science from the protoscience of prehistory and ancient history to late antiquity. In ancient times...

prehistoric science, as did religious rituals. Some scholars use the term "protoscience" to label activities in the past that resemble modern science in some...

electronics and other applications.[citation needed] In ancient alchemy, a protoscience that contributed to the development of modern chemistry and medicine...

of this is the science chemistry, which traces its origins from the protoscience of alchemy. The vast diversity in pseudosciences further complicates...

science, given the lack of experimental confirmation. By analogy with protoscience, it might be considered a form of protoengineering. Due to the difficulty...

glass, and making alloys like bronze. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which operated a non-scientific approach to understanding the...

polymath (1535–1615) Magia Naturalis – Book by Giambattista della Porta Protoscience – Research field with some scientific qualities Thomas Vaughan – Welsh...

encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

theories end up being disproven. Some fringe theories are a form of protoscience and others are a form of pseudoscience. The falsification of the original...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

interpreted in a spiritual sense, less than as a practical tradition or protoscience. This interpretation claimed that the obscure language of the alchemical...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...

historian Joseph Needham labelled the work of the Taoist alchemists as "protoscience rather than pseudoscience". However, the close connection between Taoism...

Fallacy Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty...