• Thumbnail for Structure constants
    In mathematics, the structure constants or structure coefficients of an algebra over a field are the coefficients of the basis expansion (into linear combination...
    20 KB (3,713 words) - 18:08, 9 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Fine-structure constant
    The fine-structure constant and quantum Hall effect". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. Introduction to the Constants for Nonexperts...
    63 KB (7,099 words) - 14:08, 27 April 2025
  • physical constants, such as the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Physical constants, as discussed...
    22 KB (2,668 words) - 15:09, 14 April 2025
  • The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be...
    32 KB (1,713 words) - 16:38, 26 September 2024
  • physical constant is sometimes used to refer to some universal dimensionless constants. Perhaps the best-known example is the fine-structure constant, α, which...
    27 KB (2,922 words) - 04:45, 15 April 2025
  • "physical constant" is thus subject to experimental verification. Paul Dirac in 1937 speculated that physical constants such as the gravitational constant or...
    18 KB (2,477 words) - 14:11, 18 April 2025
  • conditions eq. 6m are the only ones that the structure constants must satisfy. But among the constants admissible by these conditions, there are equivalent...
    47 KB (6,581 words) - 15:59, 6 December 2024
  • involve several independent tensor structures, the structure constants and conformal blocks depend on these tensor structures, and the primary field O p {\displaystyle...
    42 KB (7,036 words) - 08:25, 28 April 2025
  • discovery of energy quanta". In metrology, the Planck constant is used, together with other constants, to define the kilogram, the SI unit of mass. The SI...
    69 KB (6,186 words) - 02:58, 16 April 2025
  • electron spin g-factor were the most accurately measured physical constants. The constant is expressed for either hydrogen as R H {\displaystyle R_{\text{H}}}...
    12 KB (2,087 words) - 15:24, 11 September 2024
  • the dimensionful constants (the elementary charge, the Planck constant, and the speed of light) of which the fine-structure constant is composed is responsible...
    21 KB (2,600 words) - 17:35, 7 March 2025
  • is found at: "–: Electric constant, ε0". NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty: Fundamental physical constants. NIST. Retrieved 22 January...
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  • structure constants C a b c {\displaystyle C^{abc}} quantify the lack of commutativity, and do not vanish. We can deduce that the structure constants...
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  • "Recommended values of the fundamental physical constants" (PDF). Symbols, Units, Nomenclature and Fundamental Constants in Physics. p. 54. Lalanne, J.-R.; Carmona...
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  • \end{aligned}}} The structure constants d a b c {\displaystyle d^{abc}} are completely symmetric in the three indices. The structure constants f a b c {\displaystyle...
    10 KB (1,404 words) - 21:04, 14 April 2025
  • on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18. "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units...
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  • such that the physical constants completely define the system of units and the relevant physical laws contain no conversion constants. While natural unit...
    19 KB (1,609 words) - 22:20, 29 March 2025
  • derive equilibrium constant values from experimental data use association constants for both acids and bases. Because stability constants for a metal-ligand...
    103 KB (11,525 words) - 16:52, 21 April 2025
  • assumptions, by reducing all correlation functions to combinations of structure constants and conformal blocks. In two dimensions, this method leads to exact...
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  • Thumbnail for Special unitary group
    _{c=1}^{n^{2}-1}\left(if_{abc}+d_{abc}\right)\,T_{c}} where the f are the structure constants and are antisymmetric in all indices, while the d-coefficients are...
    35 KB (5,721 words) - 06:28, 25 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Coupling constant
    field is therefore an entire function worth of coupling constants. These coupling constants are not pre-determined, adjustable, or universal parameters;...
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  • underlying vector space, one may define the algebra in terms of structure constants for multiplication: e i ∇ e j = ∑ k μ i j k e k {\displaystyle e_{i}\nabla...
    35 KB (4,397 words) - 17:17, 1 February 2025
  • Thumbnail for Penrose graphical notation
    downwards or upwards, depending on the type of tensor that is used. The structure constants ( γ a b c {\displaystyle {\gamma _{ab}}^{c}} ) of a Lie algebra are...
    9 KB (678 words) - 19:00, 30 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Fine structure
    Arnold Sommerfeld, introducing the fine-structure constant. The gross structure of line spectra is the structure predicted by the quantum mechanics of non-relativistic...
    18 KB (3,079 words) - 13:40, 13 December 2024
  • In jazz, a constant structure is a chord progression consisting of three or more chords of the same type or quality. Popularized by pianists Bill Evans...
    2 KB (192 words) - 10:33, 19 October 2024
  • fields of a rational two-dimensional conformal field theory, whose structure constants Nν λμ describe fusion of primary fields. In the context of modular...
    5 KB (628 words) - 05:47, 1 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Killing form
    Killing form is the simplest 2-tensor that can be formed from the structure constants. The form itself is then B = B i j e i ⊗ e j . {\displaystyle B=B_{ij}e^{i}\otimes...
    13 KB (1,865 words) - 00:03, 16 April 2025
  • five constants, Planck units. However, not all physical constants can be normalized in this fashion. For example, the values of the following constants are...
    22 KB (2,254 words) - 01:06, 12 April 2025
  • (mathematical logic), the algebraic structures studied in model theory Structure constants, defining a Lie algebra or an algebra over a field Structuralism...
    5 KB (696 words) - 00:15, 2 August 2023
  • X_{1},\ldots X_{n}} . Let c i j k {\displaystyle c_{ijk}} be the structure constants for this basis, so that [ X i , X j ] = ∑ k = 1 n c i j k X k . {\displaystyle...
    51 KB (8,954 words) - 11:11, 9 February 2025