biology, a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity...

electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two...

the convention is to refer to the potential gradient, which has the opposite sign (meaning the electrical potential increases with distance from the ground)...

positive sign in front of the gradient to define the potential. Because of this definition of P in terms of the gradient, the direction of F at any point...

membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium...

hazard to people or equipment. The change of voltage over distance (potential gradient) may be so high that a person could be injured due to the voltage...

concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower. Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient - cations...

vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere. This movement lowers the water potential in the leaf airspace and...

regions Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions Fluid dynamics and earth science Density gradient Pressure...

charged surface. This force may consist of electric, pressure gradient, concentration gradient, gravity. In addition, the moving phase might be either the...

discharge occurs at locations where the strength of the electric field (potential gradient) around a conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air. It...

(non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis. Robin Hill discovered the reaction in 1937...

electric field (potential gradient) at the surface of conductors exceeds a critical value, the dielectric strength or disruptive potential gradient of air. It...

vector potential is a vector field whose curl is a given vector field. This is analogous to a scalar potential, which is a scalar field whose gradient is...

vector calculus, a conservative vector field is a vector field that is the gradient of some function. A conservative vector field has the property that its...

ionic species is involved. The voltage gradient at which this equilibrium is reached is the equilibrium potential for the ion and it can be calculated from...

velocities in the stomach due to the existence of a gradient of resting membrane potential gradient, interstitial cells of Cajal distributions, and gastric...

highest potential (anode +η) and the other extreme having the lowest potential (cathode -η). Comparing to the electrolyte potential (Vs) gradient/drop;...

in space. The gradient of the scalar potential (and hence also its opposite, as in the case of a vector field with an associated potential field) is everywhere...

the flow. Potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function: the velocity potential. As a result, a potential flow is characterized...

the gradient of a certain scalar function, called a scalar potential. The potential energy is related to, and can be obtained from, this potential function...

transference number. Ionic transport is also controlled by the electrical potential gradient across the cell. Temperature dependence of electrolyte impacts performance...

is powered by a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, usually in the form of a proton gradient. In all living organisms, a series of redox reactions...

concentration gradient out of the cell. However, if the voltage is below the threshold, the neuron does not fire, but the membrane potential still fluctuates...

The gradient theorem, also known as the fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals, says that a line integral through a gradient field can be evaluated...

volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent...

propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers' advancing tips. Once begun, avalanches are...

at several kilovolts negative potential relative to a nearby electrode, so that there is sufficient potential gradient at the emitter surface to cause...

effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Flow of protons down this potential gradient – that is...

allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient. This is a kind of osmosis...