• Proto-Circassian (or Proto-Adyghe–Kabardian) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Adyghean and Kabardian languages. The consonant system is reconstructed...
    44 KB (856 words) - 14:29, 13 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Northwest Caucasian languages
    Northwest Caucasian languages, also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, Abkhazo-Circassian, Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages (from Ancient Greek...
    16 KB (1,583 words) - 17:12, 1 May 2025
  • Proto-Abazgi language. Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Northwest Caucasian reconstructions Proto-Circassian language Proto-Abazgi...
    11 KB (95 words) - 23:29, 26 April 2025
  • Proto-Chadic Proto-Omotic Proto-Niger–Congo Proto-Bantu Proto-Yoruboid Proto-Basque Proto-Northwest Caucasian Proto-Abazgi Proto-Circassian Proto-Northeast...
    5 KB (366 words) - 04:26, 30 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Circassian languages
    Circassian (/sɜːrˈkæʃən/ sur-KASH-ən), also known as Cherkess (/tʃɜːrˈkɛs/ chur-KESS), is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken...
    34 KB (1,613 words) - 18:58, 4 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Circassians
    Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The two Circassian languages—western Adyghe and eastern Kabardian—are natively spoken by the Circassian...
    145 KB (13,313 words) - 18:28, 13 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Adyghe language
    /ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪ/; also known as West Circassian) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the western subgroups of Circassians. It is spoken mainly in Russia...
    108 KB (2,908 words) - 22:32, 24 April 2025
  • Abkhaz languages. Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Northwest Caucasian reconstructions Proto-Circassian language Proto-Northwest...
    9 KB (123 words) - 21:30, 19 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ubykh language
    Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people, an ethnic group of Circassian nation who originally inhabited the eastern...
    45 KB (4,614 words) - 22:32, 16 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Pre-Indo-European languages
    and Caucasian languages (such as Circassian, Abkhaz, Nakh-Dagestanian languages etc) now surrounded by Russian. Many creole languages have also arisen...
    15 KB (1,562 words) - 05:42, 29 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Proto-Indo-European mythology
    Indo-European languages, based on the assumption that parts of the Proto-Indo-Europeans' original belief systems survived in the daughter traditions. The Proto-Indo-European...
    141 KB (17,194 words) - 18:30, 4 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Languages of the Caucasus
    Northwest Caucasian (Circassian) family and the extinct Hattic language of central Anatolia. See the article on Northwest Caucasian languages for details. Alarodian...
    22 KB (1,729 words) - 13:26, 23 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for North Caucasian languages
    of the Northwest Caucasian family (also called Pontic, Abkhaz–Adyghe, Circassian, or West Caucasian) and the Northeast Caucasian family (also called Nakh–Dagestanian...
    9 KB (719 words) - 21:54, 24 November 2024
  • that the Proto-Indo-Europeans were similarly divided into three castes—warriors, priests, and commoners. The Northwest Caucasian (Circassian, Abkhaz-Abasin...
    21 KB (1,888 words) - 03:12, 1 November 2024
  • diaspora outside Republic of Adygea alongside Shapsugs. Historically, Proto-Circassian had 6 distinct consonants: d͡ʒ ⟨дж⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨ч⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨кӏ⟩ ɡʲ ⟨гь⟩ kʲ ⟨кь⟩...
    20 KB (995 words) - 11:41, 31 March 2025
  • similar time in the Bronze Age, potentially as a proto-version of the later Circassian and Abkhaz language. The Cimmerians a nomadic Indo-European people...
    120 KB (14,568 words) - 18:30, 17 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Proto-Elamite script
    The Proto-Elamite script is an early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform. There are many similarities...
    23 KB (3,013 words) - 15:15, 16 February 2025
  • Turkic languages such as Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Uyghur, and Kazakh, as well as languages of the Caucasus such as Western and Eastern Circassian languages and...
    39 KB (3,171 words) - 01:22, 15 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Australian Aboriginal languages
    non-Pama-Nyungan languages, that a Proto-Australian could be reconstructed from which all known Australian languages descend. This Proto-Australian language, they...
    71 KB (6,581 words) - 18:03, 15 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Abkhaz language
    are possible indications that proto-Northwest Caucasian, could have divided firstly into proto-Circassian and to proto-Ubykh-Abkhaz; Ubykh then being...
    77 KB (5,967 words) - 17:25, 4 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ibero-Caucasian languages
    phylum would also include three extinct languages: Hattic, connected by some linguists to the Northwest (Circassian) family, and Hurrian and Urartian, connected...
    4 KB (271 words) - 19:07, 19 February 2025
  • specifically used SOV order, but Circassian allows any order. In contrast, Japanese is a nominative–accusative language: In this language, the argument of the intransitive...
    48 KB (4,587 words) - 18:46, 4 May 2025
  • Sindi people (category CS1 Russian-language sources (ru))
    sindic language are unclear. Some soviet scholars, like Nikita Anfimov, believed they were of a Caucasian origins and were a Proto-Circassian (Adyghe)...
    10 KB (852 words) - 22:05, 30 April 2025
  • a list of lists of languages. SIL International's Ethnologue: Languages of the World lists over 7,100 spoken and signed languages. The International Organization...
    4 KB (485 words) - 08:50, 17 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Proto-Elamite (period)
    The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3100 BC to 2700 BC...
    11 KB (1,299 words) - 06:25, 19 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Languages of Europe
    as a second or foreign language. (See English language in Europe.) The Indo-European language family is descended from Proto-Indo-European, which is...
    134 KB (10,764 words) - 09:23, 12 May 2025
  • Tlepsh (category Circassian mythology)
    smith Kurdalægon. Tlepsh's name is a borrowing from Indo-European languages into Circassian, cognate with Ancient Greek χάλυψ (khálups) borrowed into Latin...
    8 KB (1,137 words) - 09:40, 19 September 2023
  • Iranian Assyrians, Iranian Jews, Iranian Armenians, Iranian Georgians, Circassians and Mandaeans. In addition to its ethnic diversity, Iranian society is...
    69 KB (7,719 words) - 10:28, 21 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Zygii
    Zygii (category Ancient Circassian tribes)
    whose designations were subsequently replaced with the names of several Circassian tribes, confirm this. Zichia Kassogians Circassia William Smith, LLD....
    4 KB (350 words) - 15:40, 16 March 2025
  • Ethnic groups in Europe (category CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl))
    Abaza, Circassian (Adyghe and Kabardian), and Ubykh. Northeast Caucasian languages, including Avar, Chechen, Dargin, Ingush, Lak, and Lezgian. Language isolates:...
    115 KB (10,092 words) - 17:57, 12 May 2025