The three main growth forms Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts (an alga and/or a cyanobacteria)...

general, lichens do not grow very quickly. Annual growth rates vary among different growth forms. Crustose lichens have the lowest rates of growth. The diameter...

Common lichen growth forms A lichen (/ˈlaɪkən/ LIE-kən, UK also /ˈlɪtʃən/ LI-chən) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among...

Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen. These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms...

A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship...

substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which...

tinctoria It is used to make litmus, a mixture of several organic compounds. Lichen has been used for centuries to make dyes. This includes royal purple colors...

The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens. Lichens are composite organisms made up of multiple species. They comprise...

collaboration, including the fungus/alga partnership of different species in a lichen, or the permanent sexual partnership of an anglerfish, as an organism. The...

known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-coloured fruticose, cup lichen species in the family...

widespread lichen-forming fungus in the family Teloschistaceae. Commonly known as the yellow wall lichen, common orange lichen, or maritime sunburst lichen, this...

of the eyes. Lichen planus lesions can occur in many different forms or morphologies: Papular Papular form is the classic cutaneous lichen planus (CLP)...

compacted, agglutinated hyphae that forms a dense tissue layer. lobarioid lichen An informal growth form category used for lichens previously separated in the...

Theophrastus, 350 BC, Humboldt, 1806; 2. Growth-forms sensu stricto: based upon the shoot architecture; 3. Periodicity life-forms: based upon the seasonal physiognomic...

another form of lichen identification test. Lichenologists may also study the growth and growth rate of lichens, lichenometry, the role of lichens in nutrient...

and the ability to develop separate cyanobacterial growth forms under certain conditions. The lichen's southern distribution limits are determined primarily...

of lichen are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. This process relies on the presence of cyanobacteria as a partner species within the lichen. The...

fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species...

Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen or fishnet, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green fruticose lichen. It grows up to a meter long, hanging from...

referred to as shrubby cup lichen or green reindeer lichen, is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. The lichen is composed of two thalli;...

affecting people with sarcoidosis Ulcerative lichen planus, a rare variant of lichen planus Ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative...

Parmelia sulcata, commonly known as the hammered shield lichen or cracked-shield lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described by Thomas...

Devergie's disease. Dr. W.A.D. Griffiths, from Great Britain, classified six forms of PRP in the early 1980s. At this time, the causes of PRP are still unknown...

(formerly Xanthoria elegans), commonly known as the elegant sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus Rusavskia, family Teloschistaceae...

contribution of these factors to lichen growth is difficult because differences in the original environment from which the lichen thalli are collected will greatly...

commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Usnea lichens are characterized by their shrubby growth form, elastic branches with a central...

Usnea filipendula, the fishbone beard lichen, is a pale gray-green fruticose lichen with a pendant growth form, growing in up to 20 cm many-branching tassels...

species that rely upon old-growth forest habitat. Studies in British Columbia's cedar-hemlock forests have shown that certain lichen species, particularly...

the fringed rock tripe, is a leafy lichen found in cold, high-altitude and polar regions across the globe. It forms roughly circular thalli measuring between...

cup lichen or Gray's pixie cup, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is characterised by small, leaf-like squamules forming its...