Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed...

Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of...

Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported...

Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure...

Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one...

Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural...

responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily...

of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading...

three-dimensional structure. This structure permits the protein to become biologically functional or active. The folding of many proteins begins even during...

Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP), sometimes called Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction, is a community-wide, worldwide...

a protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure...

Protein quinary structure refers to the features of protein surfaces that are shaped by evolutionary adaptation to the physiological context of living...

Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation...

The Open Protein Structure Annotation Network (TOPSAN) is a wiki designed to collect, share and distribute information about protein three-dimensional...

dynamic light scattering techniques. The spherical structure is induced by the protein's tertiary structure. The molecule's apolar (hydrophobic) amino acids...

DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP...

Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to...

The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. "In...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit...

as proteins of known structures, but do not have homologous proteins with known structure. It differs from the homology modeling method of structure prediction...

three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution...

prion protein (PrP) is encoded in the human body by the PRNP gene also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230). Expression of the protein is most...

With the determination of the first structure of the complex between a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and a G-protein trimer (Gαβγ) in 2011 a new chapter...

and their structure has multiple levels. Protein structure has a four-level hierarchy. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make...

more polymer structures based on their shape and three-dimensional conformation. This process is usually applied to protein tertiary structures but can also...

understanding of protein function. Proteins can be designed from scratch (de novo design) or by making calculated variants of a known protein structure and its...

alteration of the native secondary, and/or tertiary, and/or quaternary structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Note 1: Modified...

and crystallization. In addition, structures of many water-soluble protein domains of IMPs are available in the Protein Data Bank. Their membrane-anchoring...

Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending...