system, the quantum number is said to be "good", and acts as a constant of motion in the quantum dynamics. In the era of the old quantum theory, starting...

In quantum mechanics, the azimuthal quantum number ℓ is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes...

In physics and chemistry, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated s) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum...

In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (n) of an electron in an atom indicates which electron shell or energy level it is in. Its values are...

In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum number used to distinguish quantum states of an electron or other particle according to its angular...

In quantum mechanics, the total angular momentum quantum number parametrises the total angular momentum of a given particle, by combining its orbital angular...

In quantum mechanics, the eigenvalue q {\displaystyle q} of an observable O {\displaystyle O} is said to be a good quantum number if the observable O {\displaystyle...

In physics, a topological quantum number (also called topological charge) is any quantity, in a physical theory, that takes on only one of a discrete set...

In quantum field theory, multiplicative quantum numbers are conserved quantum numbers of a special kind. A given quantum number q is said to be additive...

Charm (symbol C) is a flavour quantum number representing the difference between the number of charm quarks (c) and charm antiquarks (c) that are present...

Due to their quantum description, flavour states may also undergo quantum superposition. In atomic physics the principal quantum number of an electron...

of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas...

chip-to-chip variability. Quantum random number generation technology is well established with 8 commercial quantum random number generator (QRNG) products...

quantum number that can take values of 0, 1, 2, ... In molecular spectroscopy where several types of molecular energy are studied and several quantum...

A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. On small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and...

In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that embodies the knowledge of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction...

Quantum mechanics is the study of matter and its interactions with energy on the scale of atomic and subatomic particles. By contrast, classical physics...

four of their quantum numbers, which are: n, the principal quantum number; ℓ, the azimuthal quantum number; mℓ, the magnetic quantum number; and ms, the...

Quantum machine learning is the integration of quantum algorithms within machine learning programs. The most common use of the term refers to machine learning...

The old quantum theory is a collection of results from the years 1900–1925, which predate modern quantum mechanics. The theory was never complete or self-consistent...

example, a quantum particle like an electron can be described by a quantum state that associates to each point in space a complex number called a probability...

The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually...

Quantum chaos is a branch of physics focused on how chaotic classical dynamical systems can be described in terms of quantum theory. The primary question...

A quantum mechanical system or particle that is bound—that is, confined spatially—can only take on certain discrete values of energy, called energy levels...

Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence...

physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge) is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and...

interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics...

In quantum physics, a wave function (or wavefunction) is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The most common...

for baryon number) or beauty is a flavour quantum number reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (nb) and the number of bottom...

a spin quantum number.: 183–184  The SI units of spin are the same as classical angular momentum (i.e., N·m·s, J·s, or kg·m2·s−1). In quantum mechanics...