flight and the first to fly past Venus, as part of the Soviet Union's Venera programme. Launched in February 1961, it was intended as an impactor, but flew...
8 KB (884 words) - 15:16, 10 May 2025
The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə] 'Venus') program was a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984...
32 KB (2,571 words) - 04:27, 27 May 2025
Soviet space program (redirect from Soviet space programme)
launched Luna 25 in 2023. The Venera programme marked many firsts in space exploration and explorations of Venus. Venera 1 and Venera 2 resulted in failure due...
85 KB (9,322 words) - 03:40, 1 June 2025
Venera 2MV-1 No.1, also known as Sputnik 19 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme. Due to a...
5 KB (385 words) - 21:54, 21 September 2024
Venera 9 (Russian: Венера-9, lit. 'Venus-9'), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 660, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an...
11 KB (1,050 words) - 17:42, 10 May 2025
Venera 2MV-1 No.2, also known as Sputnik 20 in the Western world, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme...
5 KB (386 words) - 22:34, 29 April 2025
3MV-4 spacecraft launched as part of the Venera programme, it failed to return data after flying past Venus. Venera 2 was launched by a Molniya carrier rocket...
5 KB (360 words) - 20:25, 23 October 2024
8K72 Venera Cosmos 27 Venera 2 Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Cosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14...
18 KB (1,776 words) - 12:28, 28 February 2025
in the Doppler-effect velocity measurements of Venera-4 through Venera-8. On March 1, 1966, the Venera 3 Soviet space probe crash-landed on Venus, becoming...
51 KB (5,323 words) - 17:14, 30 May 2025
The Venera 11 (Russian: Венера-11 meaning Venus 11) was a Soviet uncrewed space mission which was part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus...
15 KB (756 words) - 03:36, 24 October 2024
Venera 2MV-2 No.1, also known as Sputnik 21 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme, and was intended...
6 KB (396 words) - 17:06, 9 January 2023
Interferometry Spektr-RG - space observatory satellite Venera program Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 7 Venera 8 Venera 9 Kosmos 167 Vega program Vega 1 Vega 2 Luna-Glob...
11 KB (960 words) - 02:04, 17 March 2025
spaceflight attempt was in 1961 when the robotic space probe Venera 1 of the Soviet Venera programme flew to Venus. It lost contact en route. The first successful...
224 KB (20,351 words) - 11:34, 3 June 2025
Soviet Venera 5 and Venera 6 probes were crushed by high pressure while still 18 km above the surface. Following landers such as Venera 7 and Venera 8 succeeded...
18 KB (1,975 words) - 16:31, 29 May 2025
followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching...
32 KB (1,152 words) - 07:18, 11 May 2025
History of spaceflight (section Luna programme)
"Venera 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. "Venera 3". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. "Venera missions". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. "Venera 7". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. "Venera 8"...
73 KB (9,890 words) - 23:35, 10 May 2025
research at the time. In 1961 the Venera Programme was initiated by the Soviet Union, with the launch of Venera 1. The programme would go on to mark many firsts...
182 KB (21,962 words) - 06:50, 3 June 2025
Vega program (redirect from Vega programme)
mission change in the Venera program, following on from the cancellation of the American Halley mission in 1981. A later Venera mission was canceled and...
12 KB (1,489 words) - 02:20, 2 June 2025
4 Kosmos 167 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Kosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15 Venera 16 Mariner program...
6 KB (607 words) - 17:53, 28 October 2024
before burning up. Spaceflight portal 1978 in spaceflight Vega program Venera program "The Pioneer Venus Project". NASA. Retrieved March 26, 2023. "Pioneer...
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differently from Earth. Following five orbital missions to Venus (Venera 15, Venera 16, Magellan, Venus Express, and Akatsuki) focused on remote sensing...
25 KB (1,983 words) - 08:49, 23 April 2025
4 Kosmos 167 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Kosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15 Venera 16 Mariner program...
9 KB (1,026 words) - 01:26, 28 March 2025
science plans include the launch of the Venera-D (Venus-D) probe in 2029. The main scientific goals of the Venera-D mission are investigation of the structure...
94 KB (10,746 words) - 03:09, 2 June 2025
on Venus in the journal Nature. In the analysis of mission data from the Venera, Pioneer Venus and Magellan missions, it was discovered that carbonyl sulfide...
56 KB (6,133 words) - 06:03, 20 May 2025
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet...
18 KB (1,594 words) - 16:11, 17 April 2025
materials at the Venera 9, 10, 14 and Vega 1 and 2 landing had chemical compositions similar to tholeiitic basalts, while the Venera 8 and 13 sites chemically...
54 KB (6,951 words) - 20:55, 23 May 2025
Retrieved 15 April 2019. "Venera 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019. "Venera | Soviet space probes"...
180 KB (9,102 words) - 14:31, 28 May 2025
Venus Venera Venera 1 Venera 2 Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15...
6 KB (506 words) - 12:28, 28 February 2024
secondary payload on another spacecraft mission to Venus, probably on Russia's Venera-D in 2029. During daytime, VAMP would be able to make continuous science...
16 KB (1,548 words) - 04:14, 26 March 2025
4 Kosmos 167 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Kosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15 Venera 16 Mariner program...
64 KB (5,871 words) - 16:22, 10 April 2025