been encoded by punching holes in the card, it was now a "punched card." For simplicity, this article will use the term punched card to refer to either...

discusses how early card readers worked in some detail Computer programming in the punched card era List of IBM products#Punched card and paper tape equipment...

A punched card (also known as a punch card or Hollerith card) is a stiff paper-based medium used to store and process digital or analog information through...

Computer programming in the punched card era Operating systems timeline Computer Computer hardware Analog computer Analytical Engine Digital computer...

machines the resulting punched cards contained data to be processed by those machines. For computers equipped with a punched card input/output device the resulting...

often used punched cards or punched paper tape for input and as the main (non-volatile) storage medium. Engineer Tommy Flowers joined the telecommunications...

media. Punched cards were used not only for data, but for a new application - computer programs, see: Computer programming in the punched card era. Unit...

to the complex numerical calculations required of scientific computers. As such, the UNIVAC competed directly against punch-card machines, though the UNIVAC...

drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards..." Hollerith used punched cards...

controls on computer and peripheral devices. This Excludes Data Entry." The position has evolved from its beginnings in the punched card era. A Bureau of...

placed. The cards in the second hopper can contain punched cards to be read or blank cards to be punched. Two models were offered: Model A1: five card stackers...

to the IBM 701 and IBM 702 computers, which were for scientific and business purposes respectively. It was also marketed to users of punched card machines...

Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation. Later the name...

Punched card input/output Computer programming in the punched card era IBM Corporation (1967). IBM Field Engineering Theory of Operation: 2501 Card Reader...

and then submit those pages to the computer. Since a typewritten page contains much more information than a punched card (which has essentially one line...

printer or punched card input and output. The modular design with plug-in units of hardware did, however, make it very reliable by the standards of the day,...

peripheral devices like printers and punched paper card readers. The growing complexity of hardware and application programs eventually made operating systems...

5 kilowatts for punched-card auxiliary equipment. Because the failure of any one of the thousands of tubes in a computer could result in errors, tube reliability...

as normal on my JOB card — the first card in the deck, I, in BTL standards, punched my job and my name — SEXI Farber. One of the Comp Center girls looked...

is produced. Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are...

the IBM 1400 series. Symbolic Programming System (SPS), was the assembler offered when IBM originally announced 1401 as a punched-card-only computer....

performance for the time. Printing and punched card I/O, however, employed the same modified unit record equipment introduced with the 704 and was slow...

during the punch card era, when programs were typically written out by hand, to avoid ambiguity when the character was later typed on a card punch. The slashed...

character-oriented text editor and a programming language, that was developed in 1962 for use on Digital Equipment Corporation computers, and has since become available...

wait times involved in submitting programs in punched card form for batch processing by a shared mainframe computer. In 1968, Kutt and Donald Pamenter started...

machine to run the program (using punched cards for data input, and outputting results onto punched cards). Two versions existed for the 650s with a 2000...

hypothetical computer used in Donald Knuth's monograph, The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP). MIX's model number is 1009, which was derived by combining the model...

may shrink to 55–78 CPL. In computer technology, a line of an IBM punched card consisted of 80 characters. Widespread computer terminals such as DEC's...

many programmers. There are still certain computer programming domains in which the use of assembly programming is more common: Writing code for systems...

computers of that era had similar features. For example, the IBM 1401 system (c. 1958) used a card reader to load a program from a punched card. The 80...