In geometry, an envelope of a planar family of curves is a curve that is tangent to each member of the family at some point, and these points of tangency...

The envelope paradox dates back at least to 1943, when Belgian mathematician Maurice Kraitchik proposed a puzzle in his book Recreational Mathematics concerning...

In physics and engineering, the envelope of an oscillating signal is a smooth curve outlining its extremes. The envelope thus generalizes the concept of...

In mathematics and economics, the envelope theorem is a major result about the differentiability properties of the value function of a parameterized optimization...

to hold a letter being sent by post. Envelope may also refer to: Envelope (mathematics), a curve, surface, or higher-dimensional object defined as being...

but less than an accurate calculation or mathematical proof. The defining characteristic of back-of-the-envelope calculations is the use of simplified assumptions...

of curves Eccentricity (mathematics) Elliptic curve cryptography Envelope (mathematics) Fenchel's theorem Genus (mathematics) Geodesic Geometric genus...

proposed by Jean-Jacques Moreau in 1965. The Moreau envelope has important applications in mathematical optimization: minimizing over M f {\displaystyle...

\,\!} Chandrasekhar equation Chrystal's equation Caustic (mathematics) Envelope (mathematics) Initial value problem Picard–Lindelöf theorem Rozov, N.Kh...

three-dimensional space has a cuboidal envelope. Two pairs of cells project to the upper and lower halves of this envelope, and the four remaining cells project...

Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria...

Snell envelope, used in stochastics and mathematical finance, is the smallest supermartingale dominating a stochastic process. The Snell envelope is named...

intersect gives the appearance of Bézier curves (as in the mathematical concept of envelope of a family of straight lines). Quadratic Bézier curve are...

these allow a constant-width channel between them for coolant. Envelope (mathematics) Evolute Goat grazing problem Involute gear Roulette (curve) Scroll...

The United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) is a highly selective high school mathematics competition held annually in the United States...

In category theory and related fields of mathematics, an envelope is a construction that generalizes the operations of "exterior completion", like completion...

In mathematics, the lower convex envelope f ˘ {\displaystyle {\breve {f}}} of a function f {\displaystyle f} defined on an interval [ a , b ] {\displaystyle...

In mathematics, the lower envelope or pointwise minimum of a finite set of functions is the pointwise minimum of the functions, the function whose value...

In mathematics the Karoubi envelope (or Cauchy completion or idempotent completion) of a category C is a classification of the idempotents of C, by means...

Bolza surface First Hurwitz triplet Hermite constant Systoles of surfaces Systolic freedom Systolic category Envelope (mathematics) Bäcklund transform...

In mathematics, particularly in algebra, the injective hull (or injective envelope) of a module is both the smallest injective module containing it and...

particles in the medium. In mathematics and electronics waves are studied as signals. On the other hand, some waves have envelopes which do not move at all...

FSK, the peak envelope power bears no particular ratio or mathematical relationship to longer-term average power in distorted envelopes, such as a CW...

mathematics, the Morlet wavelet (or Gabor wavelet) is a wavelet composed of a complex exponential (carrier) multiplied by a Gaussian window (envelope)...

The language of mathematics has a wide vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which...

the velocity with which the overall envelope shape of the wave's amplitudes—known as the modulation or envelope of the wave—propagates through space...

In geometry, the convex hull, convex envelope or convex closure of a shape is the smallest convex set that contains it. The convex hull may be defined...

In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme...

by a projective object P. Projective covers are the dual of injective envelopes. Let C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} be a category and X an object in...

altered by components such as filters, which cut or boost frequencies; envelopes, which control articulation, or how notes begin and end; and low-frequency...