In physics, a free surface is the surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress, such as the interface between two homogeneous fluids...

The free surface effect is a mechanism which can cause a watercraft to become unstable and capsize. It refers to the tendency of liquids — and of unbound...

Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with...

In physics, a free surface flow is the surface of a fluid flowing that is subjected to both zero perpendicular normal stress and parallel shear stress...

negative. The free surface (if present) dips sharply near the axis line, with depth inversely proportional to r2. The shape formed by the free surface is called...

In surface science, surface energy (also interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs...

of surface vessels. The period of wind-generated gravity waves on the free surface of the Earth's ponds, lakes, seas and oceans are predominantly between...

the list, further extending the heeling force. This is known as the free surface effect. In tanks or spaces that are partially filled with a fluid or...

open-channel flow is a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel. The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe...

gas (the surface of the sea in air) or the idealized boundary of a solid (the surface of a ball). In fluid dynamics, the shape of a free surface may be...

turbulent flow in smooth conduits Fully turbulent flow in rough conduits Free surface flow. Transition (neither fully laminar nor fully turbulent) flow occurs...

method is a family of free-surface modelling techniques, i.e. numerical techniques for tracking and locating the free surface (or fluid–fluid interface)...

In computational fluid dynamics, free-surface modelling (FSM) refers to the numerical modelling of a free surface—a freely moving interface between immiscible...

In oceanography, sea state is the general condition of the free surface on a large body of water—with respect to wind waves and swell—at a certain location...

periodic waves. Underneath the surface, there is a fluid motion associated with the free surface motion. While the surface elevation shows a propagating...

Surface rheology is a description of the rheological properties of a free surface. When perfectly pure, the interface between fluids usually displays...

that breaks free from the source. The surface of a crystal can produce dislocations in the crystal. Due to the small steps on the surface of most crystals...

suited to simulate problems dominated by complex boundary dynamics, like free surface flows, or large boundary displacement. The lack of a mesh significantly...

The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface. The actual snow line may adjust seasonally, and be either significantly...

water began to enter the car deck in large quantities. The resulting free surface effect destroyed her stability. In a matter of seconds, the ship began...

method is given for the case of free-surface flow, that is, when the upper lid of the channel is replaced by a free surface. Note first of all that it is...

variables in case of flow in partially full conduits, as they also possess a free surface like that of open channel flow. All flow in so-called open channels is...

considered) that describe the flow below a pressure surface in a fluid (sometimes, but not necessarily, a free surface). The shallow-water equations in unidirectional...

by density differences of the fluids above and below the free surface and gravity (or surface tension). The wake is the region of disturbed flow (often...

solid surfaces, hence the liquid forms a lubricating layer. The thin-film equation holds when there is a single free surface. With two free surfaces, the...

to reduce the roll period of the hull by acting in opposition to the free surface effect. They can be broadly classified into active and passive antiroll...

free surface boundary condition. For a fluid of constant density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } and dynamic viscosity μ {\displaystyle \mu } , at the free surface...

vascular system and erectile tissue. Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals...

otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water). The disturbance is typically caused by a solid object suddenly hitting the surface, although splashes...

geoid. Being an equigeopotential means the geoid corresponds to the free surface of water at rest (if only the Earth's gravity and rotational acceleration...