• Thumbnail for G2-M DNA damage checkpoint
    G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged...
    18 KB (2,233 words) - 13:06, 29 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cell cycle checkpoint
    the G2/M checkpoint transition. Similar to S Phase, G2 experiences a DNA damage checkpoint. The cell is once more examined for sites of DNA damage or incomplete...
    34 KB (4,587 words) - 15:21, 9 December 2024
  • Thumbnail for Restriction point
    cell cycle checkpoints, the other two being the G2-M DNA damage checkpoint and the spindle checkpoint. Originally, Howard Martin Temin showed that chicken...
    22 KB (2,746 words) - 16:27, 12 April 2025
  • vulnerable to DNA damage than any other part of the cell cycle. G2 checkpoint checks for damaged DNA and DNA replication completeness. Damage to DNA that occurs...
    81 KB (10,126 words) - 14:39, 24 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for DNA repair
    the damage before continuing to divide. DNA damage checkpoints occur at the G1/S and G2/M boundaries. An intra-S checkpoint also exists. Checkpoint activation...
    132 KB (16,142 words) - 16:06, 11 June 2025
  • G2-M DNA damage checkpoint M spindle checkpoint, prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle Immune checkpoint...
    3 KB (391 words) - 22:23, 29 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for G2 phase
    G2. In particular, the G2 checkpoint arrests cells in G2 in response to DNA damage through inhibitory regulation of CDK1. During mitotic S phase, DNA...
    22 KB (2,818 words) - 07:39, 3 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Artemis (protein)
    phosphorylation target of ATM and ATR and is involved in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint response". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (20): 9207–20. doi:10.1128/MCB...
    15 KB (1,937 words) - 16:28, 9 December 2024
  • Thumbnail for CHEK2
    CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell...
    28 KB (2,797 words) - 17:32, 21 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Eukaryotic DNA replication
    single-stranded DNA tracts is important in initiating the checkpoint pathways downstream of replication damage. Once single-stranded DNA becomes sufficiently...
    121 KB (14,916 words) - 04:06, 3 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Cell cycle
    Cell cycle (redirect from M phase)
    checkpoints to ensure that damaged or incomplete DNA is not passed on to daughter cells. Three main checkpoints exist: the G1/S checkpoint, the G2/M checkpoint...
    78 KB (9,148 words) - 19:21, 26 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Cell division
    purpose for this checkpoint is to check for appropriate cell size and any DNA damage . The second check point is in the G2 phase, this checkpoint also checks...
    41 KB (4,767 words) - 06:08, 15 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for S phase
    (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is...
    15 KB (1,681 words) - 15:45, 29 October 2023
  • needed to replicate DNA are made. After G1, the cells enter S phase during which the DNA is replicated. After S, the cell will enter G2 where the proteins...
    13 KB (2,128 words) - 19:25, 12 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for MDC1
    regulator of the Intra-S phase and the G2/M cell cycle checkpoints and recruits repair proteins to the site of DNA damage. It is involved in determining cell...
    24 KB (3,123 words) - 21:25, 27 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for CHEK1
    maintenance of DNA replication fork stability. In response to DNA damage, Chk1 is an important signal transducer for G2/M checkpoint activation. Activation...
    30 KB (3,340 words) - 01:47, 26 March 2024
  • CDC2 unable to arrest in G2 in response to DNA damage, indicating the gene product is involved in G2 arrest. M: A mutant screen of budding yeasts with mitotic...
    27 KB (3,291 words) - 03:25, 21 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for ATM serine/threonine kinase
    different DNA damage checkpoints, which inhibit the next or maintain the current cell cycle step. There are two main checkpoints, the G1/S and the G2/M, during...
    50 KB (5,695 words) - 13:00, 26 February 2025
  • Thumbnail for CUL4A
    certain types of DNA damage (most notably, UV-irradiation) and several substrates are preferentially ubiquitinated after DNA damage induction. CUL4A's...
    36 KB (4,418 words) - 04:39, 25 December 2024
  • two G0/G1 cells has the same total content of DNA and thus the same fluorescence intensity as a single G2/M cell. Unless recognized as such the G0/G1 doublets...
    13 KB (1,531 words) - 03:37, 29 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for G1/S transition
    the cell grows, and the S phase, during which DNA is replicated. It is governed by cell cycle checkpoints to ensure cell cycle integrity and the subsequent...
    17 KB (2,136 words) - 14:28, 17 December 2024
  • include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes...
    50 KB (6,678 words) - 21:54, 13 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Panobinostat
    cells by inducing hyperacetylation and cell cycle arrest at the G2-M DNA damage checkpoint; partially reversing the morphological changes characteristic...
    16 KB (1,364 words) - 21:48, 29 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for H2AFX
    H2AFX (category DNA repair)
    Carpenter PB, Bonner WM, Chen J, Nussenzweig A (Dec 2002). "DNA damage-induced G2-M checkpoint activation by histone H2AX and 53BP1". Nature Cell Biology...
    22 KB (2,783 words) - 00:32, 30 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for G1 phase
    are three checkpoints in the cell cycle: the G1/S Checkpoint or the Start checkpoint in yeast; the G2/M checkpoint; and the spindle checkpoint. During G1...
    10 KB (1,235 words) - 09:37, 30 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for DNA end resection
    leads to the DNA damage checkpoint activation. The pathway of choice in DNA repair is highly regulated to guarantee that cells in the S/G2 and G1 phase...
    18 KB (2,277 words) - 13:23, 26 November 2023
  • Thumbnail for TP53BP1
    TP53BP1 (section DNA repair)
    Carpenter PB, Bonner WM, Chen J, Nussenzweig A (Dec 2002). "DNA damage-induced G2-M checkpoint activation by histone H2AX and 53BP1". Nature Cell Biology...
    15 KB (1,857 words) - 09:36, 2 March 2025
  • an un-replicated DNA checkpoint, a spindle assembly checkpoint, a chromosome-segregation checkpoint, and various DNA damage checkpoints. Table 1 below describes...
    11 KB (1,135 words) - 17:54, 26 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for BRCC3
    cellular response to ionizing radiation and progression through the G2/M checkpoint. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. BRCC36...
    7 KB (968 words) - 01:38, 3 December 2023
  • Thumbnail for Reactive oxygen species
    proliferation by induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest; increased phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk 1), Chk 2;...
    71 KB (8,525 words) - 22:48, 19 June 2025