A gas electron multiplier (GEM) is a type of gaseous ionization detector used in nuclear and particle physics and radiation detection. All gaseous ionization...
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An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges. In a process called secondary emission, a single electron can, when...
7 KB (736 words) - 05:28, 21 July 2025
mining Geminal, in chemistry Gemini (constellation), in astronomy Gas electron multiplier, a type of gaseous ionization detector German equatorial mount...
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Large Hadron Collider, developing a new muon system called GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier), which can detect muons in the outermost layer of the CMS. Detecting...
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Micropattern gaseous detector (redirect from Micropattern gas detectors)
region is created. Examples of MPGDs include the microstrip gas chamber, the gas electron multiplier and the Micromegas detector. The main advantages of MPGDs...
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Electric current (redirect from Electron current)
the charge carriers are ions, while in plasma, an ionized gas, they are ions and electrons. In the International System of Units (SI), electric current...
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molecules using gas electron diffraction, liquids, surfaces using lower energy electrons, a technique called LEED, and by reflecting electrons off surfaces...
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cathode strip chambers (CSC), resistive plate chambers (RPC), and Gas electron multiplier (GEM). The DTs are used for precise trajectory measurements in...
35 KB (4,584 words) - 11:35, 24 June 2025
the sample is fragmented it will then be detected, usually by an electron multiplier, which essentially turns the ionized mass fragment into an electrical...
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pressure gas. The alternating electric field of the microwaves is set to be synchronous with the gyration period of the free electrons of the gas, and increases...
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Vacuum tube (redirect from Electron valve)
making such developments superfluous. One variant called a "channel electron multiplier" does not use individual dynodes but consists of a curved tube, such...
125 KB (15,982 words) - 17:35, 7 July 2025
Townsend discharge (category Electron)
process for gases where free electrons are accelerated by an electric field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons. Those...
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with either just a Frisch grid or an active electron-multiplication element like a gas electron multiplier. These newer TPCs also depart from the traditional...
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radiation hardness. Examples of MPGDs are the microstrip gas chamber, the gas electron multiplier and the micromegas detector. Geiger–Müller tubes are the...
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Ion (redirect from Free floating electrons)
a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive...
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Cathode-ray tube (section Electron gun)
cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent...
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Metallic bonding (redirect from Sea of electrons)
electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may...
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Electronvolt (redirect from Electron-volt)
(symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an...
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spectrometer. Gaseous ionization detector Micropattern gaseous detector Gas electron multiplier Giomataris, Y.; Rebourgeard, Ph.; Robert, J.P.; Charpak, G. (1996)...
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Torr when used in tandem with an electron multiplier. OIS RGAs measure residual gas levels without affecting the gas composition of their vacuum environment...
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Mass spectrometry (redirect from Trace gas analysis)
by a mechanism capable of detecting charged particles, such as an electron multiplier. Results are displayed as spectra of the signal intensity of detected...
82 KB (10,342 words) - 18:58, 26 June 2025
Density functional theory (section Electron smearing)
uniform electron gas, which can be obtained from the Thomas–Fermi model, and from fits to the correlation energy for a uniform electron gas. Non-interacting...
80 KB (10,626 words) - 17:26, 23 June 2025
Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced [oʒe] in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally...
31 KB (4,117 words) - 02:55, 6 June 2025
Ionization (section Multiphoton ionization of inner-valence electrons and fragmentation of polyatomic molecules)
transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected. Everyday examples of gas ionization occur within a fluorescent lamp or...
50 KB (6,846 words) - 11:11, 30 June 2025
a "gas in a box"). The ideal gas model has also been used to model the behavior of electrons in a metal (in the Drude model and the free electron model)...
24 KB (3,821 words) - 02:41, 29 April 2025
Field electron emission, also known as field-induced electron emission, field emission (FE) and electron field emission, is the emission of electrons from...
124 KB (15,721 words) - 14:07, 19 July 2025
"environmental" cells with water or atmospheric gas, in conjunction with conventional and scanning transmission types of electron microscopes. However, the first images...
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Ion source (redirect from Electron beam ion source)
engines. Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules. The gas phase reaction producing electron ionization...
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releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide with further atoms, releasing more electrons—a chain reaction. In a gas, this causes the affected...
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signals. With an electron multiplier, an impact of a single ion starts off an electron cascade, resulting in a pulse of 108 electrons, which is recorded...
18 KB (2,252 words) - 01:44, 24 May 2025